Technical Papers – 2022

A Consolidated Multi-State Orbit Estimation Paradigm for Improved RSO Track Custody
Emily Gerber, The Stratagem Group, Inc; Thomas Kelecy, The Stratagem Group; Bill DeLude, The Stratagem Group; Bill McClintock, The Stratagem Group

Keywords: RSO Track Custody, Multi-State Filter, RSO Maneuver Detection

A High Power, Large Aperture Doppler He Lidar for Upper Atmospheric Sensing
Peter D. Dragic, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Gary R. Swenson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; James H. Clemmons, University of New Hampshire

Keywords: Laser, lidar, remote sensing, thermosphere, lower exosphere, helium, metastable helium, fiber laser, high-power, large aperture telescopes, winds, space weather

A Map of the Statistical Collision Risk in LEO
Darren McKnight, LeoLabs; Erin Dale, LeoLabs; Rachit Bhatia, LeoLabs; Mohin Patel, LeoLabs; Chris Kunstadter, AXA XL

Keywords: space debris, collision hazard assessment, space traffic management

A Modular Approach for Rendezvous and Proximity Operations Missions: From Simulations to Operations
Thibault Lebeke, Exotrail; Andrea Fiorentino, Exotrail

Keywords: low-thrust, electric propulsion, optimal control, operations, rendezvous proximity operations

A Novel Analytical Method to Determine Future Close Approaches between Satellites
Austin Ogle, Nazarbayev University; Christos Spitas, Nazarbayev University

Keywords: Orbital Mechanics, Conjunction Assesment, SSA

A Sensor Network for Integrated Space Traffic Management for Australia
Edwin G. W. Peters, UNSW Canberra Space; Melrose Brown, UNSW Canberra Space; Andrew Lambert, UNSW Canberra Space; Lauren Glina, UNSW Canberra Space; Timothy Bateman, UNSW Canberra Space; Ed Kruzins, UNSW Canberra Space; Rabbia Saleem, UNSW Canberra Space; Travis Bessell, Clearbox Systems; Tim Spitzer, Clearbox Systems; Tom Wang, Clearbox Systems; Kriti Tripathi, Clearbox Systems; Damian Huxtable, Clearbox Systems; Michael Soire, Clearbox Systems; Simon Zinsli, Clearbox Systems; Thomas Powles, Clearbox Systems; Isabella Federle, Clearbox Systems; Mark Aragon, Bluerydge; Adam Haskard, Bluerydge; Mark Thompson, Capricorn Space; Warren Nielsen, Capricorn Space; Russell Boyce, UNSW Canberra Space

Keywords: passive RF, Australia, optical space surveillance, mission system, orbit determination

A Software Defined Radio Based Method for Accurate Frequency Estimation for Space Domain Awareness in Real-time
Edwin G. W. Peters, University of New South Wales Canberra; Timothy Bateman, University of New South Wales Canberra; Rabbia Saleem, University of New South Wales Canberra; Melrose Brown, University of New South Wales Canberra; Andrew Lambert, University of New South Wales Canberra

Keywords: doppler estimation, software defined radio, passive RF

A Statistical Approach to Identify Fragmentation Epoch from a Single Fragment Surveillance Radar Observation
Marco Felice Montaruli, Politecnico di Milano; Pierluigi Di Lizia, Politecnico di Milano; Emiliano Cordelli, GMV; Hélène Ma, RHEA System GmbH; Jan Siminski, European Space Agency – European Space Operations Centre (ESA/ESOC)

Keywords: Fragmentations, orbit determination, SST, surveillance radar, MOID, clustering, non-normal distributions

A Survey of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Space Station License Applications in the Geosynchronous Orbital Regime (GEO)
Thomas G. Roberts, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Richard Linares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Keywords: International Telecommunications Union, spectrum allocation, geosynchronous orbital regime, collision avoidance

A Systems Theory Approach for Evaluating the Cascading Collision Potential of Orbital Shells
Valentin Eder, Space Analyses GmbH; Christian Unfried, Space Analyses GmbH

Keywords: Outer space, Sustainability, Risk Management, Data Analytics, Applied System Theory

A Year in the Life of the Shackleton Space Domain Awareness Station
Jeffrey E. Van Cleve, Ball Aerospace; David P. Osterman, Ball Aerospace; Anna Lawitzke, Ball Aerospace; Jacob D. Griesbach, Ball Aerospace; Christopher J. Grant, Ball Aerospace; Colleen Olson, Ball Aerospace; James Contreras, Ball Aerospace

Keywords: Cislunar, Imaging, Sensors, Optical Systems, Space Domain Awareness, Lunar Lander, LUNINT, Space Situational Awareness, lunar regolith

Adaptive Optics for Meter-Class Telescopes
Michael Hart, HartSCI LLC; Stephen Warner, HartSCI LLC; David Irwin, Hart Scientific Consulting International LLC; Jeff Hagen, Hart Scientific Consulting International LLC; Adam Schilperoort, Hart Scientific Consulting International LLC; Christopher Warner, Hart Scientific Consulting International LLC; David Tousley, HartSCI LLC; Johanan Codona, HartSCI, LLC;

Keywords: adaptive optics, telescopes, imaging, atmospheric turbulence, space domain awareness

Adaptive Stress Testing Applied To Space Domain Awareness Systems
Johnathan Tucker, University of Colorado Boulder; Jackson Wagner, University of Colorado Boulder; Zachary Sunberg, University of Colorado Boulder

Keywords: Adaptive Stress Testing, Deep Reinforcement Learning, Machine Learning Validation, Validation

Advanced Space Surveillance with the Imaging Radar IoSiS
Simon Anger, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Matthias Jirousek, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Stephan Dill, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Markus Peichl, German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Keywords: Radar imaging, Inverse synthetic aperture radar, ISAR, IoSiS, Space situational awareness, high-resolution, radar system

Advances of ArianeGroup Capabilities for Laser Optical Observation of LEO Objects
Laurent Hennegrave, ArianeGroup; Gaetan Eyheramono, ArianeGroup; Marine Pyanet, ArianeGroup; Sebastien Vourc'h, ArianeGroup; Gilles Fournier, ArianeGroup

Keywords: SSA, SST, Laser ranging, optical

All-Sky Electro-Optical Tracking of Mega-Constellations in Low Earth Orbit
Cam Key, Slingshot Aerospace; Alex Ferris, Slingshot Aerospace; Max Geissbuhler, Slingshot Aerospace; Joshua Horwood, Slingshot Aerospace; Keegan Kochis, Slingshot Aerospace; Jeff Shaddix, Slingshot Aerospace; Jeff Aristoff, Slingshot Aerospace

Keywords: Low Earth Orbit, Telescopes, Dim Target Detection, Wide Field-of-View, Optical Systems, Daytime Satellite Tracking, Mega-Constellations, Space Traffic Management

Alternate Ranging Strategy for Space Delta Operations
Leon L. Lala Jr., The Aerospace Corporation; Marshall Thompson, United States Air Force; Alexander Knoedler, United States Air Force; Nate Crawford, The Boeing Company; Todd Brost, Numerica Corporation

Keywords: Range, SCN, Numerica, UDL

An Analysis of the Impact of the Russian DA-ASAT Event on Space Domain Awareness
Christian Ramos, Omitron Inc; Deshaun Hutchinson, 18th Space Defense Squadron; Brent Skrehart, Omitron, Inc; David Gillespie, Omitron, Inc.; Diana McKissock, 18th Space Defense Squadron

Keywords: Space Domain Awareness, Conjunction Assessment, ASAT

An Analytical Approach for Cislunar Information Gain
Patrick B. Miga, University of Colorado Boulder; Marcus J. Holzinger, University of Colorado Boulder

Keywords: Cislunar, Space, Situational, Domain, Awareness, SSA, SDA, Astrodynamics, Information

An Automated System to Discover and Track Unknown Geosynchronous Objects using a Ground-based Optical Telescope
Yifan Zhou, University of Liverpool; Lee Devlin, University of Liverpool; Gemma Cook, University of Liverpool; Simon Maskell, University of Liverpool; Jordi Barr, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory

Keywords: Particle filter, Optical imaging, Detection, Tracking, Uncertainty

An Autonomous Geographically Distributed Ground Network that Scales
Matthew C. Britton, The Aerospace Corporation; Joseph Mazur, The Aerospace Corporation; Timothy P. Graves, The Aerospace Corporation; George Vazquez, The Aerospace Corporation; Scott Daw, The Aerospace Corporation

Keywords: space control, space domain awareness, space traffic management, autonomous telescope systems, big data, data fusion, modeling, optical systems, imaging, spectroscopy, instrumentation, sensors, high performance computing

An Effective Machine Learning Approach To Detect Satellite Signals In Passive RF Space Domain Awareness Data
Kriti Tripathi, Clearbox Systems Pty. Ltd.; Travis Bessell, Clearbox Systems Pty. Ltd.; Thomas Q. Wang, Clearbox Systems Pty. Ltd.; Tim Spitzer, Clearbox Systems Pty. Ltd.

Keywords: Passive RF, Machine Learning, Computer Vision

Analysis of DebriSat Data Collection and Procedures
Elizabeth Campa, University of Florida; Rafael Carrasquilla, University of Florida; Norman Fitz-Coy, University of Florida

Keywords: Low earth orbit satellite, orbital debris engineering models, space debris

Analysis of Induced Color Index Error Due to Sequential Filter Photometry
Philip J. Castro, Applied Optimization, Inc.; Tamara E. Payne, Applied Optimization Inc.; Luke W. Weisenbach, Applied Optimization Inc; Trenton J. Godar, U.S. Government; Veronica L. Wiley, U.S. Government; James Frith, AFRL/RVSW; Scott P. Milster, AFRL/RVSW

Keywords: photometry, non-resolved object characterization, spectral, color index, Space Situational Awareness (SSA), Space Domain Awareness (SDA)

Analysis of Orbit Residual Behavior to Determine Contact in Rendezvous and Proximity Operations at Geosynchronous Orbit
Phillip M. Cunio, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.; Jaycie Bishop, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.; Christopher W. Ingram, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.; Bill Therien, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.; Doug Hendrix, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.; Clinton Clark, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.; Michael Bantel, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.; MJ Jeffries, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.

Keywords: Rendezvous and Proximity Operations, Geosynchronous Orbit, Docking, Remote Sensing, Space Traffic Management

Analysis of Photometric Signatures of DTV-10 Collected 8 Years Apart
Adam W. Masters, US Air Force Academy; Kody A. Wilson, United States Air Force Academy; Francis K. Chun, United States Air Force Academy; David M. Strong, Strong EO Imaging, Inc.; Casey P. Schuetz-Christy, Millennium Engineering & Integration Co

Keywords: Falcon Telescope Network, Photometry, GEO Satellites, Space Situational Awareness, Space Domain Awareness, DirecTV 10

Angular Velocity Vector Determination of Spacecraft in Flat-Spin Attitude States
Laurence Blacketer, Northern Space & Security Ltd.

Keywords: Optical, Light curves, Attitude determination, Synthetic light curve model.

Anthropogenic Change Detection On and Close to the Moon for Space Domain Awareness
David P. Osterman, Ball Aerospace; Jeffrey E.Van Cleve, Ball Aerospace; Anna Lawitzke, Ball Aerospace; Jacob D. Griesbach, Ball Aerospace; Christopher J. Grant, Ball Aerospace; Colleen Olson, Ball Aerospace

Keywords: Cislunar, Astrodynamics, Imaging, Sensors, Optical Systems, Space Domain Awareness, Lunar Exploration, Lunar Mapping

Applications of Artificial Intelligence Methods for Satellite Maneuver Detection and Maneuver Time Estimation
Nicholas Perovich, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Zachary Folcik, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Rafael Jaimes, MIT Lincoln Laboratory

Keywords: SSA, SDA, Machine Learning, Neural Network, Artificial Intelligence, Maneuver Detection

ARES: A Versatile Benchtop Testbed for Evaluating Techniques for Imaging through Atmospheric Turbulence
Caleb Abbott, Georgia State University; Daniel Johns, Georgia State University; Fabien R. Baron, Georgia State University; Stuart M. Jefferies, Georgia State University; Deborah J. Gulledge, Georgia State University; Cody L. Shaw, Air Force Research Laboratory; Fallon P. Konow, Georgia State University; Dmitriy Shcherbik, Georgia State University; Arturo O. Martinez, NASA Ames Research Center; Caytyn Abono, University of California, Berkeley; Lewis C. Roberts, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Ryan Swindle, US Space Force; Douglas A. Hope, Georgia Tech Research Institute

Keywords: Atmospheric turbulence, Imaging, Adaptive Optics,]

Assessing Passive Radar for LEO SSA
Daniel Finch, Silentium Defence; James Palmer, Silentium Defence; James Cooper, COMSPOC; Daniel Oltrogge, COMSPOC; Thomas Johnson, Exa Research, LLC

Keywords: Silentium Defence, Passive Radar, MAVERICK, validation

Assessing Performance Characteristics of the SGP4-XP Propagation Algorithm
Dave Conkey, a.i. solutions; Mitchell Zielinski, a.i. solutions

Keywords: SGP4, SGP4-XP, Analytic Propagation, Mean Element Fits

Assessment of Onboard Processing Algorithms for Cislunar Space Domain Awareness
Kyle Merry, Sandia National Laboratories; Matthew Dykstra, Sandia National Laboratories; Brian Hacsi, Sandia National Laboratories

Keywords: Cislunar, Electro-optical, Onboard Processing, Machine Learning, Quantized Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks

Augmentation of a Southern Hemisphere Deep Space Bistatic Radar with Small Optical Systems to Detect Near Earth and other Space Objects
Ed Kruzins, UNSW Canberra Space, and Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation; Timothy Bateman, UNSW Canberra Space; Lance Benner, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Russell Boyce, UNSW Canberra Space; Melrose Brown, UNSW Canberra Space; Sam Darwell, UNSW Canberra Space; Phil Edwards, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation; Lauren Elizabeth-Glina, UNSW Canberra Space; Jon Giorgini, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Shinji Horiuchi, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation; Andrew Lambert, UNSW Canberra Space; Joseph Lazio, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Guifre Molera-Calves, University of Tasmania; Edwin Peters, UNSW Canberra Space; Chris Phillips, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation; Jamie Stevens, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation; Jai Vennik, UNSW Canberra Space

Keywords: Near Earth Objects, NEO's, asteroids, bistatic radar, optical telescopes, deep space, southern hemisphere

AURORAS: The Next Evolution of Orbit Determination Using Passive Optical Observations
Jeffrey J. Bloch, Applied Research Associates; Lynda Liptak, Applied Research Associates, AFRL/RVES; David Briscoe, Applied Research Associates; Suzzanne Falvey, Applied Research Associates; Tasha Adams, Applied Research Associates (ARA)

Keywords: Orbit Determination, Passive Optical Observations, Astrodynamics, Novel Focal Plane Technology

Automated Satellite Detection and Sky-position Extraction in Astronomical Images
Willem Rood, Leiden University; Thomas Wijnen, Leiden University; Remko Stuik, Leiden University

Keywords: Automated, satellite, track, feature, detection, sky-position, extraction, determination, wide view, field of view, high cadence, Hough transform, satellite tracks, initial orbit determination, SDA,

Automatic Detection and Characterization of Closely-Spaced Objects
Brandoch Calef, The Boeing Company; Shadi Naderi, Air Force Research Laboratory

Keywords: speckle imaging, speckle interferometry, closely spaced objects, CSO

Bi-static Radar Interferometric Localization of MEO and GEO Space Debris using Australia Telescope Compact Array
Hamed Nosrati, CSIRO Space & Astronomy; Stephanie Smith ,CSIRO Space & Astronomy; Douglas B. Hayman, CSIRO Space and Astronomy; Shinji Horiuchi, CSIRO Space & Astronomy; Andrew Hellicar, CSIRO Data61; Ken Smart, CSIRO Space & Astronomy

Keywords: Space Situational Awareness, Direction of Arrival Estimation, Radio Interferometry, Space Debris

Bullseye: A Leakproof Search Strategy for Space Domain Awareness
Daniel Mulligan, Science Applications International Corporation; Michelle Stephens, Science Applications International Corporation

Keywords: Space Domain Awareness, Space Situational Awareness, Search Patterns, Leakproof, Optical, Radar, Acquisition, Tracking, Monte Carlo

Buying Space: Trends in U.S. SDA Acquisition
Kaitlyn Johnson, Center for Strategic and International Studies; Seamus P. Daniels, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Keywords: policy, budget, defense, space domain awareness

Calculating Optical Observation Residuals from GPS Satellites
Nathan M. Holzrichter, MITRE Corporation; Edward J. Fernadez, MITRE Corporation

Keywords: Observations, Residuals, GPS, CDDIS

Capacity-based Cislunar Space Domain Awareness Architecture Optimization
Naomi Owens Fahrner, Ball Aerospace; Jeremy Correa, Ball Aerospace; Joshua Wysack, Ball Aerospace

Keywords: Sensor scheduling, dynamic tasking, cislunar SDA, capacity analysis

Catalogue-based Atmosphere Uncertainty Quantification
Alejandro Cano Sanchez, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Manuel Sanjurjo-Rivo, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Joaquin Míguez, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Alejandro Pastor, GMV; Diego Escobar, GMV

Keywords: uncertainty quantification, covariance realism, consider analysis, covariance determination, LEO, Mahalanobis distance, chi-square distribution, catalogue, Cramer-von-Mises

Centralized Scheduler Interface for Communication Link Between SpaceLink’s Relay Satellites and LEO Assets
Behzad Koosha, SpaceLink; Jim Schwenke, SpaceLink; Rob Singh, SpaceLink; David Nemeth, SpaceLink

Keywords: Optical Satellite Communications, Scheduling, Space Situational Awareness (SSA), Hybrid Architecture

Characterization of LEO Satellites With All-Sky Photometric Signatures
Harrison Krantz, University of Arizona; Eric C. Pearce, University of Arizona; Adam Block, University of Arizona

Keywords: LEO, low-Earth orbit, mega-constellation, constellation, Starlink, OneWeb, satellite population, identification, photometric, characterization, all-sky, Pomenis, small telescope, autonomous, low-cost, effective albedo, signature, machine learning

Cislunar Maneuver Detection and Classification
Charles J. Wetterer, KBR; C. Channing Chow II, Cloudstone Innovations LLC; Jason Baldwin, Complex Futures LLC; Micah Dilley, KBR; Keric Hill, KBR; Helen Montell-Weiland, KBR; Paul Billings, KBR; Christopher Craft, KBR; James Frith, AFRL/RVSW

Keywords: Cislunar, Maneuver Detection, Passive RF

Cislunar Orbit Determination Benefits of Moon-Based Sensors
Darin C. Koblick, Raytheon Intelligence and Space; Joseph S. Choi, Raytheon Intelligence and Space

Keywords: Cislunar SSA, SDA, Moon Based Sensor, Orbit Determination

Cislunar Orbit Determination: Improvements in Uncertainty Realism and Data Fusion
C. Channing Chow II, Cloudstone Innovations LLC; Jason Baldwin, Complex Futures LLC; Charles J. Wetterer, KBR; Micah Dilley, KBR; Keric Hill, KBR; Paul Billings, KBR; Christopher Craft, KBR; James Frith, Air Force Research Laboratory

Keywords: cislunar, orbit determination, astrodynamics, data fusion, space situational/domain awareness

Cislunar SDA with Low-Fidelity Sensors and Observer Uncertainty
Joshua M. Block, Air Force Institute of Technology; David H. Curtis, Air Force Institute of Technology; Robert A. Bettinger, Air Force Institute of Technology; Adam P. Wilmer, Air Force Institute of Technology

Keywords: space domain awareness; space situational awareness; space traffic management; cislunar; uncertainty

Cislunar Space Situational Awareness Sensor Tasking using Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents
Peng Mun Siew, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Daniel Jang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Thomas G. Roberts, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Richard Linares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Justin Fletcher, United States Space Force Space Systems Command

Keywords: Deep Reinforcement Learning, Sensor Tasking, Proximal Policy Optimization, Cislunar, Space Domain Awareness

Classifying State Uncertainty for Earth-Moon Trajectories
Juan Gutierrez, KBR; Keric Hill, KBR; Erica Jenson, University of Colorado Boulder; Daniel Scheeres, University of Colorado Boulder; Jill C. Bruer, AFRL/RV; Ryan D. Coder,AFRL/RV

Keywords: cislunar; space domain awareness; estimation theory

Comparison of Predicted and Observed Spacecraft Encounters from Russian ASAT Test
Daniel L. Oltrogge, COMSPOC; Salvatore Alfano, COMSPOC; Robert Hall, COMSPOC

Keywords: Russian ASAT Test, operator workload, automated collision avoidance maneuver

Comparison of Vertical profile Turbulence Structure Measurements at John Bryan Observatory
Steven M. Zuraski, Air Force Research Laboratory; Brian Z. Haimbaugh, Air Force Research Laboratory; Steven T. Fiorino, Air Force Institute of Technology; Jack E. McCrae, Air Force Institute of Technology; Ethan J. VanTilburg, Applied Optimization Inc.; Matthew D. Wilson, Applied Optimization Inc.; Luke W. Weisenbach, Applied Optimization Inc.

Keywords: Turbulence, Rayleigh Beacons, Wavefront Sensing, Refractive Index Structure Parameter, Fried Parameter, Remote Sensing and Sensors, Atmospherics, Imaging through Turbulence

Conjunction Assessment: NASA Best Practices and Lessons Learned
Lauri K. Newman, NASA Headquarters; Alinda K. Mashiku, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Keywords: conjunction assessment, best practices, space traffic management

Data-Driven Lifetime Risk Assessment and Mitigation Planning for Large-Scale Satellite Constellations
Paul Diaz, SpaceNav; Pol Mesalles Ripoll, SpaceNav; Matthew Duncan, SpaceNav; Mike Lindsay, Astroscale; Toby Harris, Astroscale; Hugh G. Lewis, University of Southampton

Keywords: Data-Driven Lifetime Risk Assessment and Mitigation Planning for Large-Scale Satellite Constellations

Daytime Resolved Imaging of Space Objects from Ground Stations
Marine Pyanet, ArianeGroup; Laurent Hennegrave, ArianeGroup; Gabriel Daguerre, ArianeGroup; Gaetan Eyheramono, ArianeGroup; Thibault De La Villegeorges, ArianeGroup; Sebastien Vourc'h, ArianeGroup

Keywords: daytime imaging, resolved imaging, SWIR

Decision Support Tool for Risk Assessment & Maneuver Planning in Collision Avoidance
Alexander Ryan, Industrial Sciences Group; Angus Leung, Industrial Sciences Group; David Shteinman, Industrial Sciences Group; Mark Yeo, Industrial Sciences Group; Matthew Hejduk, NASA Conjunction Assessment Risk Analysis (CARA)

Keywords: Space Object Conjunction Assessment (CA);Space Traffic Management; Big Data analytics

Deep-space object detection in persistent wide field of view camera arrays
Austin Ibele, Kung Fu AI; Spencer Romo, Kung Fu AI; Brian Williams, Slingshot Aerospace; Steve Kramer, Kung Fu AI; Tate Noster, Kung Fu AI

Keywords: WFOV, camera array, GEO detection, GEO tracking, SatSim, SatNet, AllSky, space object detection, PANDORA, Convolutional Neural Networks, RetinaNet

Defense Readiness Agile Gaming Ops Networks (DRAGON) Army
Rishi P. Patel, United States Air Force; Varlin V. Sheffey, United States Space Force; Joseph D. Gerber, KBR; Riley Burfield, Tech7 Consulting, LLC; Ryan Waterer, Tech7 Consulting, LLC; James Tippets, MITRE Corporation; David Stout, MITRE Corporation; Emily Bohner, United States Space Force

Keywords: Dragon Army, DevOps, Agile, Space Camp, JCO, Innovation, SACT, AFRL, SDA, Space Domain Awareness, STM, Space Traffic Management, International

Delay/Disruption Tolerant Reinforcement Learning Aurora based Communication System (DREAMS)
Richard Stottler, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.; Gregory Howe, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.

Keywords: Cislunar SSA/SDA, Satellite Communication Scheduling, Satellite Network Data Packet Routing, Satellite RF Link Optimization, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Distributed Scheduling

Design and Test of Optical Surveillance Strategies for EU-SST Network Performances Studies
Laurent Hennegrave, ArianeGroup; Gaetan Eyheramono, ArianeGroup; Marine Pyanet, ArianeGroup; Sebastien Vourc'h, ArianeGroup; Malek Sahridj, ArianeGroup; Nicolas Rol, ArianeGroup; Vincent Morand, CNES; Juan Carlos Dolado Perez, CNES; Carlos Yanez, CNES;

Keywords: SSA, SST, optical surveillance, LEO, MEO, HEO

Detecting Space Objects in Event Camera Data through 3D Point Cloud Processing
Panna Felsen, The Aerospace Corporation; Ronald Scrofano, The Aerospace Corporation; Ruben Rosales, The Aerospace Corporation; John Subasavage, The Aerospace Corporation; Nehal Desai, The Aerospace Corporation; Timothy Smith, The Aerospace Corporation; Michael Dearborn, The Aerospace Corporation

Keywords: space domain awareness, event camera detection, machine learning

Detection Methods for the Statistical Analysis of the Population of Satellites and Space Debris from Astronomical Images
Elisabeth Rachith, Laboratory of Astrophysics EPFL LASTRO, Observatoire de Sauverny; Belén Yu Irureta-Goyena, Laboratory of Astrophysics EPFL LASTRO, Observatoire de Sauverny; Jean-Paul Kneib, Laboratory of Astrophysics EPFL LASTRO, Observatoire de Sauverny

Keywords: satellites, space debris, Hough transform, machine learning, streak detection

Development of a Versatile LiDAR Point Cloud Simulation Testbed for Advanced RSO Algorithms
Lane Fuller, Advanced Scientific Concepts; Robert Karl, Jr., Advanced Scientific Concepts; Bruce Anderson, Advanced Scientific Concepts; Max Lee-Roller, Advanced Scientific Concepts

Keywords: RSO, ASO, Flash LiDAR, Space Situational Awareness, SSA, simulation, modeling, BRDF, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, organized point cloud

Early Identification and Tracking of Fragments from Break-up Events
Alejandro Pastor, GMV; Jan Siminski, ESA/ESOC Space Debris Office; Guillermo Escribano, University Carlos III of Madrid; Manuel Sanjurjo-Rivo, University Carlos III of Madrid; Diego Escobar, GMV

Keywords: fragmentation, detection, tracking, break-up, cataloging, association, correlation

Earth Gravity Assisted Inclination Change to Reduce Lunar Constellation Deployment Delta-V
Darin C. Koblick, Raytheon Intelligence and Space; Joseph S. Choi, Raytheon Intelligence and Space

Keywords: Boomerang Orbit, Earth Gravity Assist Trajectory, Novel Lunar Plane Change

Eclipse-Free Three-Body Periodic Orbits in Cislunar Space
Samuel Wishnek, Ball Aerospace; Joshua Wysack, Ball Aerospace; Jeremy Correa, Ball Aerospace

Keywords: Cislunar SDA, Cislunar STM, orbit maintenance, maneuver planning

Efficient Client-side High-fidelity Propagation and Visualization for Large Numbers of RSOs
Bill McClintock, The Stratagem Group; Duane Cornish, The Stratagem Group; Chris Tapley, The Stratagem Group; Sarar Aseer, The Stratagem Group; Thomas Kelecy, The Stratagem Group

Keywords: Debris break-up; Orbit propagation; High Area-to-Mass Ratio (HAMR), RUST, Web Assembly (WASM), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

Employing a Shared Space Information Sharing Ecosystem as a Mechanism for Promoting Constructive U.S. China Space Relations
Nathaniel Dailey, The MITRE Corporation; Kevin Toner, The MITRE Corporation; Dennis Murphy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Sam Nunn School of International Affairs

Keywords: Space Relations, Diplomacy, Global Space Traffic Coordination

Ensemble and Streaming Data Machine Learning Models for Data Association and Maneuver Classification of Resident Space Objects
Triet Tran, Cornerstone Consulting & Services, LLC; Anthony N. Dills, L3Harris Technologies, Inc.; James Crowley, L3Harris Technologies, Inc.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Data Association, Maneuver Classification

European Expert Centre Providing Services and Support for Space Surveillance and Traffic Management
Thomas Schildknecht, Astronomical Institute, University of Bern; Christophe Paccolat, Astronomical Institute, University of Bern; Peter Pessev, Astronomical Institute, University of Bern; Palash Patole, Astronomical Institute, University of Bern; Tim Flohrer, Space Debris Office, ESA/ESOC; Beatriz Jilete, Space Debris Office, ESA/ESOC; Emiliano Cordelli, Space Debris Office, ESA/ESOC

Keywords: Space Surveillance, European Expert Centre

Event-based Detection, Tracking, and Recognition of Unresolved Moving Objects
Luc Tinch, University of Dayton; Nitesh Menon, Kitware, Inc.; Keigo Hirakawa, University of Dayton; Scott McCloskey, Kitware, Inc.

Keywords: bio-inspired sensors, neuromorphic sensing, computational imaging, detection, tracking, event cameras, space situational awareness

Event-Based Sensor Multiple Hypothesis Tracker For Space Domain Awareness
Rachel Oliver, Cornell University; Brian McReynolds, ETH Zurich; Dmitry Savransky, Cornell University

Keywords: multiple hypothesis tracker, event-based sensor, neuromorphic sensor, data association, hypothesis testing

ExoALERT: 1 Year of AI-Enabled Space Traffic Management Services at GEO
Christopher Ingram, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.; Jaycie Bishop, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.; Phillip Cunio, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.; Doug Hendrix, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.; Mark W. Jeffries, ExoAnalytic Solutions, Inc.

Keywords: STM, SSA, change detection, object characterization

Exploring a New Class of Bright, Ultra-fast, Glints from Resident Space Objects
W. Thomas Vestrand, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Yancey H. Sechrest, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Robert J. Hill Jr., Los Alamos National Laboratory; David M. Palmer, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lucas P. Parker, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Marion W. Vance, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Przemek R. Wozniak, Los Alamos National Laboratory

Keywords: Ultra-fast glints, stereoscopic cislunar optical ranging

Extraction of Light Curves from Passive Observations during Survey Campaign in LEO, MEO and GEO Regions
A. Petit, Share My Space; A. Rolin, Share My; L. Duthil, Share My Space; H. Tarrieu, Share My Space; R. Lucken, Share My Space; D. Giolito, Share My Space

Keywords: light curves, space object

Feasibility of a Virtual Constellation using Small Aperture, Wide Field of View Optical Systems for Space Domain Awareness and Applications
Siddharth Dave, York University; Regina S. K. Lee, York University

Keywords: Virtual Constellation, Space Domain Awareness, Big Data, Space Debris, Dual-Purpose Star Tracker

Formation Flying and Change Detection for the UNSW Canberra Space ‘M2’ Low Earth Orbit Formation Flying CubeSat Mission
Melrose Brown, UNSW Canberra Space; Russell Boyce, UNSW Canberra Space; Andrew Lambert, UNSW Canberra Space; Edwin G. W. Peters, UNSW Canberra Space; Steve Gehly, UNSW Canberra; Samuel Boland, UNSW Canberra Space; Ryan Jefferson, UNSW Canberra Space; Anthony Kremor, UNSW Canberra Space; Timothy Bateman, UNSW Canberra Space; Chris Capon, UNSW Canberra Space; Brenton Smith, UNSW Canberra Space; George Bowden, UNSW Canberra Space; Lauren Glina, UNSW Canberra Space; Lily Qiao, UNSW Canberra Space; Sudantha Balage, UNSW Canberra; Komal Gupta, UNSW Canberra Space; Rizka Purwanto, UNSW Canberra; Travis Bessell, Clearbox Systems; Tom Reddell, LeoLabs; James Bennett, EOS Space Systems; Michael Lachut, EOS Space Systems; Tim McLaughlin, Pine Park Engineering Corp

Keywords: formation flying, characterisation, optical, passive RF, orbit determination

From Ozone Depletion to Orbital Debris: Lessons Learned from the Montreal Protocol
Rina Zhang, Science and Technology Policy Institute; Asha Balakrishnan, Science and Technology Policy Institute

Keywords: International policy, global commons

General-sum Game Modeling of Generative Adversarial Networks for Satellite Maneuver Detection
Dan Shen, Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc; Carolyn Sheaff, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Genshe Chen, Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc; Mengqing Guo, Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc; Erk Blasch, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Khanh Pham, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)

Keywords: Machine Learning, SSA, SDA, Game Theory, Generative Adversarial Network, Persistence of Excitation, Maneuver Detection and Classification

Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Filter with Kernel-based Ensemble Gaussian Mixture Filtering for Orbit Determination with Sparse Data
Sehyun Yun, The University of Texas at Austin; Nicholas Ravago, The University of Texas at Austin; Benjamin L. Reifler, The University of Texas at Austin; Renato Zanetti, University of Texas at Austin; Brandon A. Jones, The University of Texas at Austin

Keywords: Multi-target tracking, Generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli filter, Kernel density estimation, Particle filter, Gaussian mixture model, Bi-fidelity propagation, Adaptive algorithm

Geometric Solution to Probabilistic Admissible Region (G-PAR)
Utkarsh R. Mishra, Texas A&M University; Suman Chakravorty, Texas A&M University; Islam I. Hussein, Trusted Space; Weston Faber, L3Harris Technologies; Siamak Hesar, Kayhan Space Corporation; Benjamin Sunderland, Kayhan Space Corporation

Keywords: PAR, CAR, MOT, MTT, Multi Target Tracking, GMM, IOD

Geometry Sensitivity Study of a Recently-Maneuvered Satellite
Dylan R. Penn, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Cameron Harris, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Kevin Schroeder, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Jonathan Black, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Keywords: noncooperative maneuver, closely space objects, maneuver detection

Goniometric and Polarized Imaging Spectroscopic Lab Measurements of Spacecraft Materials
Chris H. Lee, Rochester Institute of Technology; Charles M. Bachmann, Rochester Institute of Technology; Patrick Seitzer, University of Michigan, Dept of Astronomy; Heather M. Cowardin, NASA

Keywords: Goniometer, Directional Reflectance Spectroscopy, Imaging Spectroscopy, Polarimetry, Laboratory Measurements

Ground-based Planetary Radars: Current and Future Prospects in the Cislunar Arena
T. Joseph W. Lazio, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Dimitrios Antsos, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Anthony Beasley, National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Lance A. M. Benner, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Andrew Brooks, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Marina Brozovic, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Philip G. Edwards, CSIRO Space & Astronomy; Jon D. Giorgini, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Shinji Horiuchi, CSIRO Space & Astronomy; Ed Kruzins, UNSW Canberra Space, and CSIRO Space & Autonomy; Clement Lee, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Ronglin R. Liou, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Blake Molyneux, Australia National University; Shantanu P. Naidu, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Charles Naudet, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Ryan S. Park, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Chris J. Phillips, CSIRO Space & Astronomy; Marc Sanchez Net, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; J. Stevens, CSIRO Space & Astronomy; Mark Taylor, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Victor Vilnrotter, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

Keywords: cislunar, radar, array, asteroid, SSA/SDA

High Resolution Imaging of Satellites and Objects in Space with IoSiS
Matthias Jirousek, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Simon Anger, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Stephan Dill; Markus Peichl, German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Keywords: Radar imaging, Inverse synthetic aperture radar, ISAR, IoSiS, Space situational awareness, high-resolution, radar system

High-precision Astrometric Measurements of Calibration Satellites
Jovan Skuljan, Defence Technology Agency

Keywords: calibration satellites, data reduction, high-precision astrometry

Hybrid Sensor for Joint Space Domain Awareness and Lunar Surface Intelligence
Anna M. Lawitzke, Ball Aerospace; Jeffrey E. Van Cleve, Ball Aerospace; James Contreras, Ball Aerospace; David Ramirez, Ball Aerospace; Timothy Finch, Ball Aerospace; Jeremy Correa, Ball Aerospace

Keywords: Cislunar, Astrodynamics, Imaging, Sensors, Optical Systems, Space Domain Awareness, Lunar Exploration, Lunar Mapping

Hyperspectral Thermal Imaging CubeSat for SSA Applications
Miguel Nunes, Hawai?i Space Flight Laboratory, University of Hawai?i at M?noa; Fredrik Bruhn, Unibap AB (publ.), Ma?lardalen University; Robert Wright, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai?i at M?noa; Paul Lucey, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai?i at M?noa; Chiara Ferrari-Wong, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai?i at M?noa; Luke Flynn, Hawai?i Space Flight Laboratory, University of Hawai?i at M?noa; Eric Pilger, Hawai?i Space Flight Laboratory, University of Hawai?i at M?noa; Amber Imai-Hong, Hawai?i Space Flight Laboratory, University of Hawai?i at M?noa; Frances Zhu, Hawai?i Space Flight Laboratory, University of Hawai?i at M?noa; Lance Yoneshige, Hawai?i Space Flight Laboratory, University of Hawai?i at M?noa; Yosef Ben Gershom, Hawai?i Space Flight Laboratory, University of Hawai?i at M?noa; Trevor Sorensen, Hawai?i Space Flight Laboratory, University of Hawai?i at M?noa

Keywords: Hyperspectral Thermal Imaging, Longwave Infrared, CubeSat, Machine Learning, SSA

Identifying Near-Earth Objects on Wide-Field Astronomical Surveys Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Belén Yu Irureta-Goyena Chang, E´cole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne; Elisabeth Rachith, E´cole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne; Jean-Paul Kneib, E´cole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne

Keywords: NEO, machine learning, satellite, space debris, VST, Euclid

Impact of Space Weather on Space Assets and Satellite Launches
Julia Briden, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Nicolette Clark, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Peng Mun Siew, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Richard Linares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Tzu-Wei Fang, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Keywords: Atmospheric Modeling, Orbit Prediction, Ballistic Coefficient, Machine Learning, Reduced-Order Model, Space Weather

Impact of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha?apai Eruption on Cislunar Space Situational Awareness
Mitchell Kirshner, University of Arizona; Eric C. Pearce, University of Arizona; Harrison Krantz, University of Arizona; Adam Block, University of Arizona

Keywords: Cislunar SSA, Sky Brightness, Photometry, Volcanism

Imperfect Information Games and Counterfactual Regret Minimization in Space Domain Awareness
Tyler Becker, University of Colorado Boulder; Zachary Sunberg, University of Colorado Boulder

Keywords: counterfactual regret minimization, game theory, sensor tasking, custody maintenance

Improvements to the SGP4 Propagator (SGP4-XP)
Timothy Payne, Space Operations Command DCG-T/S9I; Felix Hoots, The Aerospace Corporation; Albert Butkus, RIM Technologies; Zachary Slatton, Space Operations Command DCG-T/S9I; Dinh Nguyen, Parsons Corporation

Keywords: Astrodynamics, SGP4, SGP4-XP, SDA, SSA

Improving Spectral-Based Estimation of Space Object Orientation
Matthew Phelps, Space Systems Command, United States Space Force; Thomas Swindle, Space Systems Command, United States Space Force; J. Zachary Gazak, Space Systems Command, United States Space Force; Justin Fletcher, Space Systems Command, United States Space Force; Andrew Vandenberg, Air Force Research Laboratory

Keywords: spectroscopy, spectra, GEO, non-resolved, neural networks, pointing angle, pose, attitude, rotation, orientation

Improving the Resolution of Low Earth Orbit Objects by Multi-Exposure Imaging and Deconvolution
Vishnu Anand Muruganandan, University of Canterbury; Andrew Lambert, UNSW Canberra; Richard Clare; Richard Clarel, University of Canterbury; Steve Weddell, University of Canterbury

Keywords: Multi-exposure imaging, LEO, Deconvolution, PSF of background star, Image metrics.

Increasing Capabilities in a Growing Radar Network
Benedikt Reihs, LeoLabs, Inc.; Owen Marshall, LeoLabs, Inc.; Peter Todd Williams, LeoLabs, Inc.; Matthew Stevenson, LeoLabs, Inc.

Keywords: radar network, space surveillance, operational observations

LARADO: A Sensor for On-orbit Detection of Lethal Non-Trackable Debris
Andrew C. Nicholas, Naval Research Laboratory; Joshua M. Wolf, Naval Research Laboratory; Lee J. Kordella, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; Charles M. Brown, Naval Research Laboratory; Ted T. Finne, Naval Research Laboratory; Kenneth Marr, Naval Research Laboratory; Scott A. Budzien, Naval Research Laboratory; Ivan J. Galysh, Naval Research Laboratory; Christoph R. Englert, Naval Research Laboratory

Keywords: Debris, laser, instrument

LEO Capacity Modeling for Sustainable Design
Mark A. Sturza, Viasat, Inc.; Mark D. Dankberg, Viasat, Inc.; William N. Blount, Viasat, Inc.

Keywords: Sustainable Space, Debris, Holistic, Modeling, Policy, Collision Risk

Light Curve Completion and Forecasting Using Fast and Scalable Gaussian Processes (MuyGPs)
Imene R. Goumiri, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Alec M. Dunton, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Amanda L. Muyskens, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Benjamin W. Priest, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Robert E. Armstrong, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Keywords: Light curves, Gaussian Processes

Lightweight Image Processing Toolpack for Low-power and Low-cost Optical SST Triangulation Stations for Cataloguing in LEO Regime
Konrad Bojar, KB-Innotech

Keywords: SST, triangulation, algorithm toolpack, low power, processing optimization, timeliness

Long-Term Evolution of Debris Clouds in Low Lunar Orbit
Nathan R. Boone, Air Force Institute of Technology; Robert A. Bettinger, Air Force Institute of Technology

Keywords: space debris, cislunar, debris risk, lunar debris, moon

Low-Orbit, High Stakes: Winning the LEO Broadband Competition
Makena Young, Center for Strategic and International Studies; Akhil Thadani, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Keywords: space policy, constellation, space-based assets, space environment

Machine Learning for Satellite Characterisation
Alexander Agathanggelou, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL); Ryan Houghton, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL); Joshua Collyer, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL); Joshua Davis, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL); Nicholas Pallecaros, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL)

Keywords: Space Domain Awareness, Machine Learning, Satellite Characterisation

Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer: An Overview of an Astrophysics Facility for Supporting SDA Efforts
Michelle Creech-Eakman, New Mexico Tech/MRO Interferometer; Van Romero, NMT; Chris Haniff, University of Cambridge; David Buscher, University of Cambridge; John Young, University of Cambridge; Chris Salcido, New Mexico Tech/MRO Interferometer

Keywords: long-baseline optical interferometry, high-resolution imaging, astronomical interferometer

Maneuver Estimation from Optical Observations of a Spiraling Orbit: The Case of MEV-2
Laura Pirovano, The University of Auckland, Te P?naha ?tea - Space Institute; Roberto Armellin, The University of Auckland, Te P?naha ?tea - Space Institute

Keywords: Space Traffic Management, Maneuver Detection, Convex Optimization

Measurements and Interpretation of Near-IR Spectra of Satellites
Eric C. Pearce, University of Arizona; Harrison Krantz, University of Arizona; Adam Block, University of Arizona; Mitchell Kirshner, University of Arizona; Liam O. Gunter, United States Naval Observatory; Brad Sease, Computational Physics, Inc

Keywords: multi-color, near-IR, spectra, JWST, Breeze-M, SL-12, HS-376, UKIRT, WFCAM, UIST

Memo on Space Debris Summit and Active Debris Removal
Frederick Tarantino, SAF/SQS

Keywords: international, debris, Outer Space Treaty, law, policy

Mirror Recoating of Large Primary Optic
Zachary Stein, The Boeing Company; Anthony Ochoa, The Boeing Company; Chris Shurilla, The Boeing Company; Gregory Balinbin, The Boeing Company; David Sproles, The Boeing Company; Scott Hunt, Air Force Research Laboratory

Keywords: AEOS, Advanced Electro-Optical System, Maui Space Surveillance Center, Haleakal?, Large Optics, Primary Mirror, Recoating, United States Space Force, United States Air Force, Air Force Research Laboratory

Modeling and Testing of COTS Observation Systems for Night and Daytime Satellite Detection
Ellen Glad, Millennium Space Systems, A Boeing Company

Keywords: Satellite Detection, SSA, Observations, Daytime Imaging

Modeling Radar Measurement Uncertainty for Look Angle Optimization
Daniel Dowd, HQ Space Operations Command, USSF

Keywords: SSN, radar, error model, measurement uncertainty

Modeling Small Orbital Debris Remediation in Low Earth Orbit
James C. Jones, Northrop Grumman; Michael Strong, Northrop Grumman

Keywords: orbital debris, remediation, modeling, ORDEM, debris, LEO, Low Earth Orbit

Monitoring and Managing Space Weather Impacts to Satellite Constellations
J.C. Green, Space Hazards Applications, LLC; T.P. O'Brien, The Aerospace Corporation; R. Quin, Atmospheric and Environmental Research

Keywords: space weather, satellite anomaly, space radiation

Multi-Phenomenology Characterization of Space Objects Using Reinforcement Learning
Jorge O'Farrill, Modern Technology Solutions Inc.; Tracy Mims, Modern Technology Solutions Inc.; Tad Janik, Modern Technology Solutions Inc.; Ivan A. Fernandez, Modern Technology Solutions Inc., Mississippi University

Keywords: EO/IR data fusion, characterization of unresolved objects

Near-Rectilinear Halo Orbit Surveillance using Cislunar Periodic Orbits
Adam P. Wilmer, Air Force Institute of Technology; Robert A. Bettinger, U.S. Air Force

Keywords: space domain awareness; space situational awareness; cislunar; Periodic orbit; NRHO

New Two-Tubes Telescope for Observation of Near-Earth Space
Oleksandr Kozhukhov, National Space Facilities Control and Test Center, Kyiv, Ukraine; O.B. Briukhovetskyi, National Space Facilities Control and Test Center, Kyiv, Ukraine; D.M. Kozhukhov, National Space Facilities Control and Test Center, Kyiv, Ukraine; V. I. Prysiazhnyy, National Space Facilities Control and Test Center, Kyiv, Ukraine; O.M. Illuchok, National Space Facilities Control and Test Center, Kyiv, Ukraine; V.M. Mamarev, National Space Facilities Control and Test Center, Kyiv, Ukraine; O.M. Piskun, National Space Facilities Control and Test Center, Kyiv, Ukraine;

Keywords: Optical sensors, Optical observations

Novel Algorithms for Novel Data: Machine Learning for Neuromorphic Data from the International Space Station
Stefan Doucette, The MITRE Corporation; Nicole Lape, The MITRE Corporation; Thomas Swinicki, The MITRE Corporation; Kevin Dickey, The MITRE Corporation; Tim Welsh, The MITRE Corporation; Geoff McHarg, United States Air Force Academy; Gregory Cohen, Western Sydney University

Keywords: neuromorphic, sensor, vision, remote, space based, international space station, machine learning, artificial intelligence

Novel Image Alignment Technique for Extraction of Astrometry and Photometry from Small Field of View Astronomical Sensors
Calum Meredith, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory; Grant Privett, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory; Simon George, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory; William Feline, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory

Keywords: SSA/SDA, observation campaign, tracking, orbit determination, astronomical sensors

Observations of Small Debris from the Cosmos 1408 Anti-Satellite Test using the HUSIR and Goldstone Radars
James Murray, Jacobs JETS, NASA Johnson Space Center; Chris Ostrom, HX5 Jacobs JETS, NASA Johnson Space Center; Timothy Kennedy, NASA Johnson Space Center Orbital Debris Program Office; Mark Matney, NASA Johnson Space Center Orbital Debris Program Office

Keywords: radar, space debris, ASAT, anti-satellite, HUSIR, Goldstone

On Orbit Sensing of Objects Beyond GEO
Rachel M. Derbis, Air Force Institute of Technology; Bryan D. Little, Air Force Institute of Technology; Joshuah A. Hess, Air Force Institute of Technology; David W. Meyer, Air Force Institute of Technology

Keywords: space domain awareness, cislunar, modeling and simulation

On-board, Autonomous, Hybrid Spacecraft Subsystem Fault and Anomaly Detection, Diagnosis, Root Cause Determination, and Recovery
Richard Stottler, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.; Sowmya Ramachandran, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.; Chris Healy, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.; Abhimanyu Singhal, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.; Evan Finnigan, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.

Keywords: Autonomous Fault Detection, Space Domain Awareness (SDA), Fault Detection Diagnosis and Recovery, Model Based Reasoning (MBR), Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Thermodynamic Variables

Operational Acceptance and Employment of the Space Surveillance Telescope in 2022
Jonathan Hutfilz, Space Systems Command

Keywords: Search-based operations, Space Surveillance Telescope, deep space, GEO, electro-optical, telescope, space surveillance network

Opportunistic Conjunction Screening with Maneuvering Spacecraft
Max Geissbuhler, Slingshot Aerospace; Joshua Horwood, Slingshot Aerospace; Todd Brost, Slingshot Aerospace; Navraj Singh, Slingshot Aerospace; Jeff Aristoff, Slingshot Aerospace

Keywords: Conjunction Assessment, Opportunity Screening, Orbit Propagation, Orbit Determination, Maneuver Estimation, Commercial Data, Space Situational/Domain Awareness, Rendezvous Proximity Operation

Optical Observation Regions in Cislunar Space Using the Bi-circular Restricted Four Body Problem Geometry
Surabhi Bhadauria, Purdue University; Carolin Frueh, Purdue University

Keywords: SDA, cislunar, optical observations

Optimal Cislunar Architecture Design Using Monte Carlo Tree Search Methods
Michael Klonowski, University of Colorado Boulder; Marcus J. Holzinger, University of Colorado Boulder; Naomi Owens Fahrner, Ball Aerospace

Keywords: Monte Carlo Tree Search, Space Domain Awareness, Reinforcement Learning, Cislunar Architecture

Optimal Sensor Planning for SSA using System Identification Concepts
Per Hägg, FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency

Keywords: Sensor Planning, Sensor Tasking, Space Situational Awareness, Convex Optimization, System Identification

Optimization and Automation of the Spectroscopy Pipeline of the Falcon Telescope Network
Ted A. Reed, US Air Force Academy; Markus D. Parrish, US Air Force Academy; Joshua A. Key, US Air Force Academy; Charles J. Wetterer, KBR; Philip J. Castro, Applied Optimization, Inc.; David M. Strong, Strong EO Imaging, Inc.; Casey P. Schuetz-Christy, US Air Force Academy; Francis K. Chun, US Air Force Academy

Keywords: Falcon Telescope Network, GEO Satellites, Space Situational Awareness, Space Domain Awareness

Optimization Framework for Low-Thrust Active Debris Removal Missions with Multiple Selected Targets
Joanna Hon, Turion Space Corporation.; M. Reza Emami, University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies

Keywords: Active Debris Removal, Mission Planning, Rendezvous, Optimization, Metaheuristics, Space Situational Awareness

Orbit Refinement for Doppler Removal using Observations from Multiple Frequencies, Multiple Ground Sites, and Multiple Overpasses
Jake Gunther, Utah State University; Todd K. Moon, Utah State University; Charles Swenson, Utah State University

Keywords: Space Situational Awareness, Orbit Estimation, Orbit Refinement, Orbit Estimation from Doppler Frequency Observation

Partnering not Bossing: Better Leveraging of International Capabilities for Space Domain Awareness
Lauren Hale, The Aerospace Corporation; Justin C. Last, The Aerospace Corporation; Jordan Denamur-Paul, The Aerospace Corporation; Richard Barber, The Aerospace Corporation

Keywords: Space Situational Awareness, Space Domain Awareness, Sensor Calibration, Allies, Partners, Data Sharing, Sensors, Space Policy, Calibration, Sharing Agreements, Interoperability,

Passive Ranging Solution Design to Improve CA Services
Alberto Agueda, GMV; Marc Belmonte, GMV; Diego Escobar, GMV; Adrián Hernández, GMV; David López, CDTI, Igone Urdampilleta, CDTI

Keywords: Passive Ranging, PR, Time Difference of Arrival, TDoA, Collision Avoidance, Operations Center CA, S3TOC,

Passive RF in Support of LEO Orbit Determination
Kameron Simon, Kratos; Steve Williams, Kratos; Ian Hersom, Kratos

Keywords: Passive RF, LEO

Peacock: A Persistent Wide-Field-Of-View Simultaneous Multispectral System Based on COTS Hardware
Tamara E. Payne, Applied Optimization, Inc.; Philip Castro, Applied Optimization, Inc.; Luke Weisenbach, Applied Optimization, Inc.; Ethan VanTilburg, Applied Optimization Inc.; Matthew Wilson, Applied Optimization Inc.; Trenton Godar, U.S. Government; Veronica Wiley, U.S. Government; James Frith, AFRL/RVSW; Scott P. Milster, AFRL/RVSW

Keywords: Photometry, Calibration, Space Situational Awareness (SSA), Space Domain Awareness (SDA), Multispectral, Space Object Characterization

Polarimetry and Spectroscopy on Geostationary Satellites with the Nordic Optical Telescope
Seméli Papadogiannakis, Swedish Defence Research Agency; Torbjörn Sundberg, Swedish Defence Research Agency; Per Hägg, Swedish Defence Research Agency; Hanna Sundberg, Swedish Space Corporation

Keywords: Polarimetry, spectroscopy, characterisation, geostationary, reddening

Pole-Sitter Based Space Domain Awareness for Cislunar Regions
Roberta M. Ewart, US Space Force, SSC; Elozor Plotke, LinQuest Corporation; Peter Lai, LinQuest Corporation

Keywords: Pole-Sitter, Space Domain Awareness, South Pole, North Pole, satellite, spacecraft, space telescope, cislunar

Predicted Intent Inferred from Real-time Rendezvous and Proximity Behavior
Thomas Kelecy, The Stratagem Group; Shawn Abernethy, The Stratagem Group; Frank Jones, The Stratagem Group; Emily Gerber, The Stratagem Group; Hannah Wurzel, The Stratagem Group

Keywords: Rendezvous & Proximity Operations (RPO); Closely Spaced Objects (CSO); Artificial Intelligence (AI); Machine Learning (ML); Course of Action (CoA)

Probabilistic Initial Orbit Determination and Object Tracking in Cislunar Space Using Optical Sensors
Mark Bolden, Trusted Space, Inc.; Islam Hussein, Trusted Space, Inc.; Holly Borowski, Trusted Space, Inc.; Robert See, Trusted Space, Inc.; Erin Griggs, Trusted Space, Inc.

Keywords: Cislunar Space Domain Awareness, Initial Orbit Determination, Orbit Determination, Non-Linear Filtering, Optical Sensors, Radiometric Observations

Projected Orbital Demand and LEO Environmental Capacity
Andrea D'Ambrosio, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Miles Lifson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Daniel Jang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Celina Pasiecznik, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Richard Linares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Keywords: Space Sustainability, Evolutionary Modeling, Orbital Capacity, Constellations, Low Earth Orbit

Prototype Infrastructure for Autonomous On-board Conjunction Assessment and Collision Avoidance
Austin Probe, Emergent Space Technologies, Inc.; Graham Bryan, Emergent Space Technologies, Inc.; Timothy Woodbury, Emergent Space Technologies, Inc.; Evan Novak, Emergent Space Technologies, Inc.; Shiva Iyer, The University of Texas at Austin; Apoorva Karra, The University of Texas at Austin; Moriba Jah, University of Texas at Austin

Keywords: Conjunction Assessment, Collision Avoidance, Space Traffic Management, Autonomous

Pseudorange Measurement and Sun Phase Angle Estimation using CNN-based Image Processing Algorithm for HERA Mission
Aurelio Kaluthantrige, University of Strathclyde; Jinglang Feng, University of Strathclyde; Jesús Gil-Fernández, ESA/ESTEC

Keywords: Image Processing, Machine Learning, Sun Phase angle, Pseudorange, HERA, Didymos

Rapidly and Automatically Estimating Reachability of Electric Propulsion Spacecraft
Prashant R. Patel, Institute for Defense Analyses; Daniel J. Scheeres, University of Colorado Boulder

Keywords: reachable set, electric propulsion, maneuver

Recurrent Neural Network Autoencoders for Spin Stability Classification of Irregularly Sampled Light Curves
Gregory Badura, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Christopher R. Valenta, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Layne Churchill, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Douglas A. Hope, Georgia Tech Research Institute

Keywords: Machine Learning, Light Curves, Unified Data Library, Spin Stability

Reducing Decision Time for on-orbit Operations with Virtualized Ground Stations and Machine Learning
Carmen Reglero Andres, Amazon Web Services; Eloy Salcedo de Zarraga, Amazon Web Services; Shayn Hawthorne, Amazon Web Services; Margaret Cote, Amazon Web Services; Nicholas Ansell, Amazon Web Services; Yudhajeet Dasgupta, Amazon Web Services

Keywords: Machine Learning, Data Fusion, Cloud, Cost - Savings, Increased Security, Virtualized Solutions, ground station

Reformulating Compressed Sensing to be used with Semi-Resolved Point Spread Function and Light Curves for Space Object Imaging: LEO
Daigo Kobayashi, Purdue University; Carolin Frueh, Purdue University

Keywords: imaging, light curves, semi-resolved

Remote Sensing of Satellite Activity through Optical and Infrared Temporal Differential Spectrophotometry Informed by Analysis of Noise
John Kielkopf, University of Louisville; Frank O. Clark, University of Louisville; Wellesley Pereira, AFRL/RV

Keywords: Remote sensing, temporal differential spectrophotometry

Risk-Based Decision-Making for Space Traffic Management
Islam I. Hussein, Trusted Space, Inc.; Thomas Kubancik, Trusted Space, Inc; Erin Griggs, Trusted Space, Inc.; Holly Borowski, Trusted Space, Inc.; Mark Bolden, Trusted Space, Inc.

Keywords: Space Traffic Management, Conjunction Assessment and Avoidance, Autonomous Maneuvering, Risk-Based Decision Making

Scattering of High Frequency Waves in the Presence of Whistler Wave Turbulence in the Ionosphere
V. Sotnikov, Air Force Research Laboratory; N. Gershenzon, Riverside Research Institute; N. Zechar, Riverside Research Institute; R. Schueler, Riverside Research Institute; T. Kim, Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development

Keywords: Very Low Frequency (VLF) waves, Ionosphere, Wave turbulence

SDA Environmental Toolkit for Defense — Enabling Space Environment and Weather Support for SDA Ground-based Optical and Radar Sensors
Jeffery M. Cox, The Aerospace Corporation; Sage K. Andorka, Space Systems Command, Space Domain Awareness Division (SSC/SZG); Bryan L. Davis, Space Systems Command, Space Domain Awareness Division (SSC/SZG); Jennifer L. Benson, Air Combat Command, 2d Weather Squadron

Keywords: SDA sensors, weather impacts, space environment

Sensor Management for Space-based Sensing Constellations
Joshua Davis, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory; T. Jennings-Bramly, Defence Science Technology Laboratory; J Symons, Defence Science Technology Laboratory ; F Waltho, Defence Science Technology Laboratory

Keywords: SSA/SDA, astrodynamics, electric propulsion, RPO, Modelling and Simulation, NSGA-II

Shadow Imaging of Geostationary Satellites: Experimental Demonstration with Accurate Polychromatic Modelling of Diffraction and Atmospheric Disturbances
Hanae Labriji, DTIS, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay; Olivier Herscovici-Schiller, DTIS, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay; Frederic Cassaing, DTIS, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay

Keywords: Shadow imaging, resolved imaging, geostationary satellite imaging, geostationary satellite characterization, synthetic-aperture silhouette imaging, non-conventional imaging.

Sharing Operational Risk Information in the Space Domain to Facilitate Norms Development and Compliance Monitoring
Harvey Reed, The MITRE Corporation; Ruth Stilwell, Aerospace Policy Solutions, LLC; Brian Weeden, Secure World Foundation; Nathaniel Dailey, The MITRE Corporation; Nick Tsamis, The MITRE Corporation

Keywords: space operations, norms, voluntary compliance

Sharing Operationally Relevant Space Cyber Information
Nick Tsamis, The MITRE Corporation; Ruth Stilwell, Aerospace Policy Solutions, LLC; Harvey Reed, The MITRE Corporation; Nathaniel Dailey, The MITRE Corporation

Keywords: space operations, cyber security, cyber threats

Simulation and Analysis of Event Camera Data for Non-Resolved Objects
Conor J. Benson, University of Colorado Boulder; Marcus J. Holzinger, University of Colorado Boulder

Keywords: event cameras, non-resolved object characterization, astrometry, photometry

Single and Double Pass Optical LEO Survey and Tracking
Krzysztof Kaminski, Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, A.Mickiewicz University; Justyna Go??biewska, Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, A.Mickiewicz University; Edwin Wnuk, Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, A.Mickiewicz University; Monika K. Kami?ska, Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, A.Mickiewicz University; Miko?aj Kruzynski, Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, A.Mickiewicz University; Michal Zolnowski, 6 Remote Observatories for Asteroids and Debris Searching; Marcin G?dek, 6 Remote Observatories for Asteroids and Debris Searching; Rafa? Reszelewski, 6 Remote Observatories for Asteroids and Debris Searching; Patrycja Baginska, 6 Remote Observatories for Asteroids and Debris Searching; Malgorzata Bankowicz, 6 Remote Observatories for Asteroids and Debris Searching

Keywords: LEO, optical sensor, survey, tracking, orbit determination, stare and chase

Space and Ground-Based SDA Sensor Performance Comparisons
Amelia Bloom, Ball Aerospace; Joshua Wysack, Ball Aerospace; Jacob D. Griesbach, Ball Aerospace; Anna Lawitzke, Ball Aerospace

Keywords: Space Domain Awareness; Space-based; Ground-based; Optical; Constellation

Space Data Model Modernization for Proactive and Machine-Assisted Analytics
Alexandra Wright, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory; Peter W. Boettcher, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory; Anye Li, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Erin L. Main, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Keywords: maneuvers, data fusion, orbital mechanics, machine learning, predictive analytics, space catalog, electric propulsion,

Space Object Identification and Change Detection Methods for the Cislunar Orbit Regime
Jeffrey Hollon, Applied Optimization, Inc.; Kimberly Kinateder, Applied Optimization; Victoria Carone, Applied Optimization, Inc.; Tamara Payne, Applied Optimization, Inc.; Markus Ernst, Applied Optimization, Inc.; Phan Dao, Applied Optimization Inc.; Charles J. Wetterer, KBR; Stephen Gregory, Stephen A. Gregory, LLC; Anthony Dentamaro, Anthony Dentamaro, LLC; James Frith, AFRL/RVSW; Scott Milster, AFRL/RVSW

Keywords: cislunar, change detection, data fusion, identification, manifold learning

SpaceMap: Real-time Web Server for Safer, more Sustainable and Efficient Space
Shawn Seunghwan Choi, SPACEMAP Inc, Hanyang University; Peter (Joonghyun) Ryu, SPACEMAP Inc., Voronoi Diagram Research Center; Chanyoung Song, Hanyang University; Minwoo Ji, Hanyang University; Jaedong Seong, Korea Aerospace Research Institute; Misoon Mah, M&K Research & Development; Roberto Furfaro, University of Arizona; Douglas Deok-Soo Kim, SPACEMAP Inc., Voronoi Diagram Research Center, Hanyang University

Keywords: Conjunction Assessment, Maneuver Planning, Real-time, Optimization, Data Transmission, Constellation

SpeckleNet: Learned Speckle Interferometry Exploitation
Andrew Vanden Berg, Air Force Research Lab; Ian Cunnyngham, MorphOptic, Inc.; Justin Fletcher, United States Space Force Space Systems Command

Keywords: Closely-spaced objects, machine learning, speckle interferometry

Spectral Characterization of Modern Spacecraft Materials
Heather Cowardin, NASA; Jacqueline A. Reyes, The University of Texas at El Paso; Elena A. Plis, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Ryan C. Hoffmann, Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate; Gregory P. Badura, Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI); Jainisha R. Shah, Assurance Technology Corp; Sydney E.J. Collman, Assurance Technology Corp; Miles T. Bengtson, National Research Council Research Associateship Program, Kirtland AFB; Daniel P. Engelhart, University of New Mexico; Timothy R. Scott, DuPont de Nemours, Inc

Keywords: spectral measurements, laboratory, MISSE, spacecraft materials, non-resolved object characterization, environmental testing

Spectropolarimeter for Satellite Identification
Louis Lischwe, Delft University of Technology; T.P.G. Wijnen, Delft University of Technology; M. Rodenhuis, Leiden University

Keywords: Spectropolarimetry, Satellite Identification, Non-Resolved Object Characterization, Instrumentation, GEO Satellites, Spectral Analysis, Linear Polarization

SSA Technology Development Status for LEO Observations at the German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Gerd A. Wagner, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Technical Physics; Wolfgang Riede, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Technical Physics; Thomas Dekorsy, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Technical Physics

Keywords: Optical Systems, Orbital Debris, Space Situational Awareness (SSA) / Space Domain Awareness (SDA)

Stability of the LEO Environment as a Dynamical System
Daniel Jang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Andrea D'Ambrosio, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Miles Lifson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Celina Pasiecznik, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Richard Linares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Keywords: Stability analysis, source-sink, LEO environment, spacecraft collision and fragmentation, space debris population

Stingray: Photometric Survey of the GEO Belt
Tanner S. Campbell, University of Arizona; Vishnu Reddy, University of Arizona; Roberto Furfaro, University of Arizona; Adam Battle, University of Arizona; Daniel Gray, Sidereal Technology; Scott Tucker, Starizona

Keywords: GEO Characterization, Machine Learning, COTS system

Survey of Geosynchronous Satellite Polarization Signatures
Blake C. Eastman, United States Air Force Academy; Audra M. Jensen, United States Air Force Academy; Daniel S. O'Keefe, United States Air Force Academy; Francis K. Chun, United States Air Force Academy; David M. Strong, Strong EO Imaging, Inc.

Keywords: Polarization, GEO Satellites, Space Situational Awareness, Space Domain Awareness

Survey of Manoeuvre Detection Methods and their Application to Multi-Static Radar
Simão da Graça Marto, University of Strathclyde; Massimiliano Vasile, University of Strathclyde; Sebastian Diaz Riofrio, University of Strathclyde; Christos Ilioudis, University of Strathclyde; Carmine Clemente, University of Strathclyde

Keywords: Bistatic radar, behaviour analysis, SSA

Synthetic Correction of Dark Signal Data in a Space Situational Awareness Sensor
Thomas Chrien, Millennium Space Systems, A Boeing Company; Richard Pepe, Millennium Space Systems, A Boeing Company

Keywords: Dark offset correction, Low cost Star Trackers, Resident space object detection performance, Data Mining, Synthetic dark signal

System Approach to Analyse the Performance of Current and Future EU Space Surveillance and Tracking System at Service Provision Level
Igone Urdampilleta, CDTI; Emmanuel Delande, CNES; Vincent Morand, CNES; Johannes Gelhaus, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Elena Vellutini, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI); Violeta Poenaru, Romanian Space Agency (ROSA); José Freitas, Direção Geral de Recursos da Defesa Nacional MDN; Tomasz Zubowicz, Polish Space Agency (POLSA); Daniel Garcia-Yarnoz, EU SatCen

Keywords: EU SST, architecture, simulation, coverage, cataloguing, service provision, SST, sensors

The Experiment for Space Radiation Analysis (ESRA): Technology maturation of next generation charged particle detectors in GTO
Carlos Maldonado, Los Alamos National Laboratory; August Gula, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Martin Kroupa, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Jonathan Barney, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Michael Caffrey, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Susan Mendel, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rachel Simms, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kerry Boyd, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Zachary Miller, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Justin McGlown, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Jonathan Deming, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kim Katko, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Markus Hehlen, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Brooke Mosley, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Justin Tripp, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Keith Morgan, Los Alamos National Laboratory; John Michel, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Anthony Nelson, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Robert Merl, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Michael Holloway, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Heidi Morning, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Daniel Arnold, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ruth Skoug, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Phil Fernandes, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ted Schultz, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Angus Guider, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Daniel Reisenfeld, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Brian Larsen, Los Alamos National Laboratory; John Steinberg, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Erik Krause, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Darrel Beckman, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Benigno Sandoval, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Paul Graham, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Zephram Tripp, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Bradley Hoose, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rory Scobie, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Joshua Ortner, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Quinten Cole, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Thomas Fairbanks, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Jeffrey George, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rustam Niyazov, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Robert Clanton, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Andrew Kirby, Los Alamos National Laboratory; J.P. Martinez, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tracy Gambill, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Melissa Ma, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kasidit Subsomboon, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Darren Harvey, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Katherine Alano, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kristina McKeown, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Donathan Ortega, Los Alamos National Laboratory

Keywords: space weather, magnetospheric physics, ionospheric physics, space environment, radiation belts

The Global Network On Sustainability In Space (GNOSIS): Activities, Initiatives, and Future Endeavours
James A. Blake, University of Warwick; Katherine Courtney, KCourtney Business Innovation & Strategy; Ralph Dinsley, Northern Space & Security (NORSS) Ltd.; Stuart Eves, SJE Space Ltd; Jacob Geer, UK Space Agency; Theresa Harrison, University of Warwick; Robert Mann, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh; Don Pollacco, University of Warwick

Keywords: Space Sustainability, Space Domain Awareness, Network, Space Debris, Space Traffic Management, Cross-sector Collaboration, Community Engagement

The Impact of Orbit Accuracy-Based Tasking on Sensor Network Efficiency
Neil K. Dhingra, Orbit Logic Incorporated; Cameron DeJac, Orbit Logic Incorporated; Josh Neel, Orbit Logic Incorporated; Alex Herz, Orbit Logic Incorporated; Trevor Wolf, University of Texas at Austin; Brandon Jones, University of Texas at Austin

Keywords: Sensor Resource Management, Sensor Tasking, Space Domain Awareness, Space Situational Awareness, Value of Information, Orbit Accuracy, Catalog Maintenance

The Impact of Space Weather Disturbances on Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) Satellites
Vishal Ray, University of Colorado Boulder; Tom E. Berger, University of Colorado Boulder; Zach C. Waldron, University of Colorado Boulder; Eric Sutton, University of Colorado Boulder; Greg Lucas, University of Colorado Boulder; Delores J. Knipp, University of Colorado Boulder; Jeffrey P. Thayer, University of Colorado Boulder; Siamak G. Hesar, Kayhan Space; Daniel J. Scheeres, University of Colorado Boulder

Keywords: atmospheric drag, very low Earth orbit (VLEO), Starlink, maneuvers

The Need for Speed – Just in Time Data Relay through Optical Communications Links
Robert Zitz, SpaceLink Corporation; Jim Schwenke, SpaceLink Corporation; Rob Singh, SpaceLink Corporation; David Nemeth, SpaceLink Corporation; Behzad Koosha, SpaceLink Corporation

Keywords: high capacity data relay, high bandwidth optical communications, laser terminals, data fusion, real-time tasking, tipping and cueing, low latency,

The Next Generation Planetary Radar System on the Green Bank Telescope
Patrick A. Taylor, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Green Bank Observatory; Steven R. Wilkinson, Raytheon Intelligence and Space; Flora Paganelli, National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Ray Samaniego, Raytheon Intelligence & Space; Bishara Shamee, Raytheon Intelligence & Space; Aaron Wallace, Raytheon Intelligence & Space; Anthony J. Beasley, National Radio Astronomy Observatory

Keywords: radar, space situational awareness, cislunar ssa, space domain awareness, astronomy, imaging, instrumentation

Towards Graph-Based Machine Learning For Conjunction Assessment
Emma Stevenson, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Victor Rodriguez-Fernandez, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Hodei Urrutxua, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

Keywords: Space Debris, Conjunction Assessment, Machine Learning, Graph Neural Networks

Towards Realistic COOLFluiD Global Coronal Model for EUHFORIA 2.0 Space Weather Forecast: Magnetograms Reconstruction and Comparison with Observations
Blazej Kuzma, Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Belgium; Michaela Brchnelova, Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Belgium; Barbara Perri, Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Belgium; Tinatin Baratashvili, Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Belgium; Fan Zhang, Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Belgium; Andrea Lani, Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Belgium; Stefaan Poedts, Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Belgium and Institute of Physics, University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska, Poland

Keywords: solar wind, space weather, solar corona, heliosphere, methods: numerical

Training Neural Networks to Detect Resident Space Objects using Space Based Optical Payloads and Low-SWaP Onboard Processing
Dominique Low, MDA Systems; Christos Koulas, MDA Systems; Domenico Di Giovanni, MDA Systems

Keywords: AI, artificial intelligence, neural network, machine learning, Space Domain Awareness, Space Situational Awareness, GPU, on board processing, orbit determination, simulator

Trending and Analysis of Payload vs. All Low Earth Conjunction Data Messages below 1,000 km, from 2016 through 2021
Daniel Moomey, Air Force Institute of Technology; Rachael Falcon, Headquarters Air Force Safety Center; Arbab Khan, Booz-Allen-Hamilton

Keywords: Conjunction Assessment, Conjunction Data Message, Space Environment, Sustainability, Space Policy, Orbital Collision

U.S. Commercial Space Regulation: The Rule of Three
John Goehring, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

Keywords: Space law, space policy, domestic regulation

Ultrafast Image Retrieval from a Holographic Memory Disc for High-Speed Operation of a Shift, Scale, and Rotation Invariant Target Recognition System
Julian Gamboa, Northwestern University; Xi Shen, Northwestern University; Tabassom Hamidfar, Northwestern University; Selim M. Shahriar, Northwestern University

Keywords: Image Recognition, Surveillance, Shift Invariance, Scale Invariance, Rotation Invariance, Digital Holography, Hybrid Opto-electronic Correlator, Polar Mellin Transform.

Understanding Non-Resolved Space Object Signatures for Space Domain Awareness
Miguel Velez-Reyes, The University of Texas at El Paso; Hector Erives, The University of Texas at El Paso; Aryzbe Najera, The University of Texas-El Paso; Francis Chun, U.S. Air Force Academy; Elena Plis, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Gregory Badura, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Jacqueline Reyes, The University of Texas at El Paso; Michael Gartley, Rochester Institute of Technology; Douglas Hope, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Ethan M. Albrecht, U.S. Air Force Academy; Kody A. Wilson, United States Air Force Academy; David M. Strong, Strong EO Imaging, Inc.

Keywords: Non resolved objects, signature analysis, laboratory spectra, simulation models

Understanding Variability in HASDM to Support Space Traffic Management
W. Kent Tobiska, Space Environment Technologies; Marcin D. Pilinski, Space Environment Technologies; Shaylah Mutschler, Space Environment Technologies; Kaiya Wahl, Space Environment Technologies; Jean Yoshii, Space Environment Technologies; Dave Bouwer, Space Environment Technologies; Piyush Mehta, West Virginia University ; Richard Licata, West Virginian University

Keywords: HASDM, thermosphere density, space weather

Unnecessary Risks Created By Uncontrolled Rocket Reentries
Michael Byers, The University of British Columbia; Ewan Wright, The University of British Columbia; Aaron Boley, The University of British Columbia, Cameron Byers, The University of British Columbia

Keywords: Rocket Bodies, Atmospheric Reentries, Casualty Risk

Upcoming Satellite Detection and Tracking Capabilities of the Australian National University
Doris Grosse, Australian National University; Francis Bennet, Australian National University; Michael Copeland, Australian National University; Marcus Birch, Australian National University ; Tony Travouillon, Autralian National University; Jamie Soon, Australian National University; Christian Wolf, Australian National University; Christopher Onken, Australian National University

Keywords: Detection and Tracking; Infrared sensors; SSA; SDA;

Updates on the Visible Spectroscopic Atlas of Geostationary Satellites
Adam Battle, University of Arizona; Vishnu Reddy, University of Arizona; Roberto Furfaro, University of Arizona; Tanner Campbell, University of Arizona; James Frith, Air Force Research Laboratory; David Monet, Air Force Research Laboratory

Keywords: Spectroscopy, Geostationary, survey, phase angle, Atlas, characterization

Uplooking Local Resolution Due to Atmospheric Turbulence
Amber L. Iler, KBR; Bobby R. Hunt, KBR, INC; David G. Sheppard, KBR

Keywords: Image resolution, atmospheric turbulence, compressive sensing

Use of a Commercial GEO Servicing Vehicle for Space Domain Awareness Data Collection
Matt Pyrak, Northrop Grumman Space Systems; Quenten Duden, SpaceLogistics LLC

Keywords: northrop, grumman, space logistics, MEV, MRV, MEP, servicing, commercial, GEO, SDA, SSA, STM

Utilization of Space-Based TDoA and FDoA for Cislunar Orbit Determination
Michael R. Thompson, Advanced Space, LLC; Matthew D. Popplewell, Advanced Space, LLC; Bradley Cheetham, Advanced Space, LLC

Keywords: cislunar, SSA, SDA, TDOA, FDOA

Validation of Atmospheric Characterization and Prediction over Haleakala during the Laser Communications Relay Demonstration
Mary Ellen Craddock, Northrop Grumman Corporation; Danny Felton, Northrop Grumman Corporation; Heather Kiley, Northrop Grumman Corporation; Randall J. Alliss, Northrop Grumman

Keywords: atmospherics, machine learning, validation

What Is That Object Out There? Automated Satellite Modeling and Alternate Reality (AR)
Zachary Bergen, Ball Aerospace; Naomi Owens Fahrner, Ball Aerospace; Carl Stahoviak, Ball Aerospace

Keywords: 3D model, CAD, photogrammetry, least squares, bundle adjustment, computer vision, Groebner bases, image, pose, point cloud, feature matchingpose

Widely-Spaced Large Reflector Transmit Arraying for Space Surveillance
Kathleen Minear, Specialized Arrays Inc; G. Patrick Martin, Specialized Arrays Inc

Keywords: DARC, Self-Controlled, array, reflectors, Mars, Space Force, NASA, GEO, LEO

XGEO Collection Methods Using New Satellite Observing Techniques on the James Webb Space Telescope
Kaitlyn Raub, The MITRE Corporation; Tim McLaughlin, Pine Park Engineering Corporation; Roger L. Mansfield, Astronomical Data Service

Keywords: telescope, james webb space telescope, observations, astronomy, cislunar

xGEO Space Domain Awareness: Parametrization and Characterization of Cislunar Space
Pablo Machuca, University of California San Diego; Aaron J. Rosengren, University of California San Diego; Shane D. Ross, Virginia Tech

Keywords: Orbit Determination, Uncertainty Quantification, Astrodynamics