Technical Papers – Machine Learning for SSA Applications

Adaptive Stress Testing Applied To Space Domain Awareness Systems (2022)
Johnathan Tucker, University of Colorado Boulder; Jackson Wagner, University of Colorado Boulder; Zachary Sunberg, University of Colorado Boulder

Keywords: Adaptive Stress Testing, Deep Reinforcement Learning, Machine Learning Validation, Validation

An Effective Machine Learning Approach To Detect Satellite Signals In Passive RF Space Domain Awareness Data (2022)
Kriti Tripathi, Clearbox Systems Pty. Ltd.; Travis Bessell, Clearbox Systems Pty. Ltd.; Thomas Q. Wang, Clearbox Systems Pty. Ltd.; Tim Spitzer, Clearbox Systems Pty. Ltd.

Keywords: Passive RF, Machine Learning, Computer Vision

Applications of Artificial Intelligence Methods for Satellite Maneuver Detection and Maneuver Time Estimation (2022)
Nicholas Perovich, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Zachary Folcik, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Rafael Jaimes, MIT Lincoln Laboratory

Keywords: SSA, SDA, Machine Learning, Neural Network, Artificial Intelligence, Maneuver Detection

Cislunar Space Situational Awareness Sensor Tasking using Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents (2022)
Peng Mun Siew, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Daniel Jang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Thomas G. Roberts, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Richard Linares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Justin Fletcher, United States Space Force Space Systems Command

Keywords: Deep Reinforcement Learning, Sensor Tasking, Proximal Policy Optimization, Cislunar, Space Domain Awareness

Deep-space object detection in persistent wide field of view camera arrays (2022)
Austin Ibele, Kung Fu AI; Spencer Romo, Kung Fu AI; Brian Williams, Slingshot Aerospace; Steve Kramer, Kung Fu AI; Tate Noster, Kung Fu AI

Keywords: WFOV, camera array, GEO detection, GEO tracking, SatSim, SatNet, AllSky, space object detection, PANDORA, Convolutional Neural Networks, RetinaNet

Delay/Disruption Tolerant Reinforcement Learning Aurora based Communication System (DREAMS) (2022)
Richard Stottler, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.; Gregory Howe, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.

Keywords: Cislunar SSA/SDA, Satellite Communication Scheduling, Satellite Network Data Packet Routing, Satellite RF Link Optimization, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Distributed Scheduling

Detecting Space Objects in Event Camera Data through 3D Point Cloud Processing (2022)
Panna Felsen, The Aerospace Corporation; Ronald Scrofano, The Aerospace Corporation; Ruben Rosales, The Aerospace Corporation; John Subasavage, The Aerospace Corporation; Nehal Desai, The Aerospace Corporation; Timothy Smith, The Aerospace Corporation; Michael Dearborn, The Aerospace Corporation

Keywords: space domain awareness, event camera detection, machine learning

Development of a Versatile LiDAR Point Cloud Simulation Testbed for Advanced RSO Algorithms (2022)
Lane Fuller, Advanced Scientific Concepts; Robert Karl, Jr., Advanced Scientific Concepts; Bruce Anderson, Advanced Scientific Concepts; Max Lee-Roller, Advanced Scientific Concepts

Keywords: RSO, ASO, Flash LiDAR, Space Situational Awareness, SSA, simulation, modeling, BRDF, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, organized point cloud

Ensemble and Streaming Data Machine Learning Models for Data Association and Maneuver Classification of Resident Space Objects (2022)
Triet Tran, Cornerstone Consulting & Services, LLC; Anthony N. Dills, L3Harris Technologies, Inc.; James Crowley, L3Harris Technologies, Inc.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Data Association, Maneuver Classification

General-sum Game Modeling of Generative Adversarial Networks for Satellite Maneuver Detection (2022)
Dan Shen, Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc; Carolyn Sheaff, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Genshe Chen, Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc; Mengqing Guo, Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc; Erk Blasch, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Khanh Pham, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)

Keywords: Machine Learning, SSA, SDA, Game Theory, Generative Adversarial Network, Persistence of Excitation, Maneuver Detection and Classification

Identifying Near-Earth Objects on Wide-Field Astronomical Surveys Using a Convolutional Neural Network (2022)
Belén Yu Irureta-Goyena Chang, E´cole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne; Elisabeth Rachith, E´cole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne; Jean-Paul Kneib, E´cole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne

Keywords: NEO, machine learning, satellite, space debris, VST, Euclid

Light Curve Completion and Forecasting Using Fast and Scalable Gaussian Processes (MuyGPs) (2022)
Imene R. Goumiri, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Alec M. Dunton, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Amanda L. Muyskens, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Benjamin W. Priest, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Robert E. Armstrong, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Keywords: Light curves, Gaussian Processes

Machine Learning for Satellite Characterisation (2022)
Alexander Agathanggelou, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL); Ryan Houghton, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL); Joshua Collyer, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL); Joshua Davis, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL); Nicholas Pallecaros, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL)

Keywords: Space Domain Awareness, Machine Learning, Satellite Characterisation

Novel Algorithms for Novel Data: Machine Learning for Neuromorphic Data from the International Space Station (2022)
Stefan Doucette, The MITRE Corporation; Nicole Lape, The MITRE Corporation; Thomas Swinicki, The MITRE Corporation; Kevin Dickey, The MITRE Corporation; Tim Welsh, The MITRE Corporation; Geoff McHarg, United States Air Force Academy; Gregory Cohen, Western Sydney University

Keywords: neuromorphic, sensor, vision, remote, space based, international space station, machine learning, artificial intelligence

Pseudorange Measurement and Sun Phase Angle Estimation using CNN-based Image Processing Algorithm for HERA Mission (2022)
Aurelio Kaluthantrige, University of Strathclyde; Jinglang Feng, University of Strathclyde; Jesús Gil-Fernández, ESA/ESTEC

Keywords: Image Processing, Machine Learning, Sun Phase angle, Pseudorange, HERA, Didymos

Recurrent Neural Network Autoencoders for Spin Stability Classification of Irregularly Sampled Light Curves (2022)
Gregory Badura, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Christopher R. Valenta, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Layne Churchill, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Douglas A. Hope, Georgia Tech Research Institute

Keywords: Machine Learning, Light Curves, Unified Data Library, Spin Stability

Reducing Decision Time for on-orbit Operations with Virtualized Ground Stations and Machine Learning (2022)
Carmen Reglero Andres, Amazon Web Services; Eloy Salcedo de Zarraga, Amazon Web Services; Shayn Hawthorne, Amazon Web Services; Margaret Cote, Amazon Web Services; Nicholas Ansell, Amazon Web Services; Yudhajeet Dasgupta, Amazon Web Services

Keywords: Machine Learning, Data Fusion, Cloud, Cost - Savings, Increased Security, Virtualized Solutions, ground station

Space Data Model Modernization for Proactive and Machine-Assisted Analytics (2022)
Alexandra Wright, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory; Peter W. Boettcher, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory; Anye Li, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Erin L. Main, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Keywords: maneuvers, data fusion, orbital mechanics, machine learning, predictive analytics, space catalog, electric propulsion,

SpeckleNet: Learned Speckle Interferometry Exploitation (2022)
Andrew Vanden Berg, Air Force Research Lab; Ian Cunnyngham, MorphOptic, Inc.; Justin Fletcher, United States Space Force Space Systems Command

Keywords: Closely-spaced objects, machine learning, speckle interferometry

Towards Graph-Based Machine Learning For Conjunction Assessment (2022)
Emma Stevenson, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Victor Rodriguez-Fernandez, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Hodei Urrutxua, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

Keywords: Space Debris, Conjunction Assessment, Machine Learning, Graph Neural Networks

Training Neural Networks to Detect Resident Space Objects using Space Based Optical Payloads and Low-SWaP Onboard Processing (2022)
Dominique Low, MDA Systems; Christos Koulas, MDA Systems; Domenico Di Giovanni, MDA Systems

Keywords: AI, artificial intelligence, neural network, machine learning, Space Domain Awareness, Space Situational Awareness, GPU, on board processing, orbit determination, simulator

A Spoken Language Interface for SSA/SDA based on Modern Speech Processing Technology (2021)
Richard Stottler, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.

Keywords: spoken language interface (SLI), speech to text, intents, Machine Learning (ML), User Experience/User Interface (UX/UI), SSA/SDA

Asteroid Detection and Risk Prediction for the Earth (2021)
Tulika Jain, Shah & Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College; Ashish Shethia, Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering college; Siddhi Khanvilkar, Shah & Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College; Linesh Patil, Shah & Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College; Vidyullata Devmane, Shah & Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College; Srikanth Kodeboyina, Blue Eye Soft Corporation

Keywords: Asteroid, You Only Look Once (YOLO), Space, Threats, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Near-Earth Objects, Astrometric Parameters, Celestial Bodies, Risk Prediction, Asteroid Collisions.

Clustering-Based Uncorrelated Track Association (2021)
Louis Penafiel, Aptima, Inc.; William Dupree, Aptima, Inc.; Thomas Gemmer, Aptima, Inc.

Keywords: Machine Learning, clustering algorithms, Unified Data Library, Uncorrelated Tracks, Unsupervised Machine Learning

Data Fusion of Historical Space Weather Outliers and Satellite Anomalies (2021)
Randy Jensen, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.; Richard Stottler, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.; Christian Belardi, Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.

Keywords: Space Weather, Satellite Anomalies, Data Fusion, Machine Learning, Space Domain Awareness

Detection & Identification of On-Orbit Objects Using Machine Learning (2021)
Marcos Perez, LMO; M. A. Musallam, CVI2 group, University of Luxembourg (SnT); A. Garcia, CVI2 group, University of Luxembourg (SnT); E. Ghorbel, CVI2 group, University of Luxembourg (SnT); K. A. Imsaeil, CVI2 group, University of Luxembourg (SnT); D. Aouada, CVI2 group, University of Luxembourg (SnT); P.L. Henaff, MDA-UK

Keywords: SSA, Computer Vision, SST, STM, Pose Estimation

Discovering 3-D Structure of LEO Obects (2021)
Jacob Lucas, The Boeing Company; Trent Kyono, The Boeing Company; Julia Yang, The Boeing Company; Justin Fletcher, Odyssey Systems Consulting

Keywords: Machine Learning, LEO, resolved imagery

Geosynchronous Satellite Maneuver Classification via Supervised Machine Learning (2021)
Thomas G. Roberts, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Richard Linares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Keywords: Detection Algorithms, Satellite Maneuver Detection, Geosynchronous Orbit, Geostationary Orbit, Satellite Patterns of Life, Machine Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Two-Line Element Sets

Incremental Learning of Novel Resident Space Object Spectral Fingerprints (2021)
J. Zachary Gazak, United States Space Force; Ian McQuaid, Air Force Research Laboratory; Brandon Wolfson, KBR; Justin Fletcher, United States Space Force

Keywords: Space Domain Awareness, Spetroscopic positive identification, spectroscopy, convolutional neural networks, incremental learning, learned positive identification

Inferring Space Object Orientation with Spectroscopy and Convolutional Networks (2021)
Matthew Phelps, United States Space Force; J. Zachary Gazak, United States Space Force; Thomas Swindle, United States Space Force; Justin Fletcher, United States Space Force; Ian McQuaid, Air Force Research Laboratory

Keywords: spectroscopy, spectra, deep learning, orientation, rotation, attitude, pointing angle, convolution, neural networks, space objects, GEO

Machine Learning for Launch Assessment: The Similarity-Based Launch Classification Tool (SLCT) (2021)
Michal Dichter, Applied Technology Associates, a BlueHalo Company

Keywords: Machine Learning, Launch Threat Assessment, Similarity-Based Classification

Object Detection from Radon Transformations using Machine Learning Techniques (2021)
Thomas Walker, Lockheed Martin Australia; Boris Repasky, Lockheed Martin Australia; Timothy Payne, Lockheed Martin Australia; Greg Madsen, Lockheed Martin Australia

Keywords: machine learning, artificial intelligence, regression, Radon transformation, Space Situational Awareness, object detection, Space Domain Awareness

Pixelwise Image Segmentation for RSO Detection of GEO Spacecraft (2021)
Douglas Woodward, The Aerospace Corporation; Celeste Manughian-Peter, The Aerospace Corporation; Tim Smith, The Aerospace Corporation; Elizabeth Davison, The Aerospace Corporation

Keywords: Machine Learning, Space Domain Awareness

Self-Supervised Auxiliary Task Learning for Estimating Satellite Orientation (2021)
Klaus Okkelberg, The Boeing Company; Jacob Lucas, The Boeing Company; Trent Kyono, The Boeing Company; Michael Abercrombie, The Boeing Company; Justin Fletcher, Odyssey Systems Consulting; Matthew Phelps, Odyssey Systems Consulting

Keywords: deep learning, pose estimation

Semantic Segmentation of Low Earth Object Satellites using Convolutional Neural Networks (2021)
Julia Yang, The Boeing Company; Jacob Lucas, The Boeing Company; Trent Kyono, The Boeing Company; Michael Abercrombie, The Boeing Company; Justin Fletcher, Odyssey Systems Consulting; Ian McQuaid, Air Force Research Laboratory

Keywords: Semantic Segmentation, Component Segmentation, Satellite Segmentation, Segmentation, LEO, Low Earth Objects, Atmospheric Turbulence, Imaging, Ground-based imaging, Neural Network, CNN, Machine Learning, SSA, SDA

Time Forecasting Satellite Light Curve Patterns using Neural Networks (2021)
William Dupree, Aptima, Inc.; Louis Penafiel, Aptima, Inc.; Thomas Gemmer, Aptima, Inc.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Neural Network, Unified Data Library, Ground-Based Measurements, Light Curve, Visual Magnitude, Time Series Analysis

Toward Deep-space Object Detection in Persistent Wide Field of View Camera Arrays (2021)
Garrett Fitzgerald, U.S. Space Force; Zachary Funke, AFRL; Alexander Cabello, Algoritics; Vijayan Asari, University of Dayton; Justin Fletcher, U.S. Space Force

Keywords: WFOV, camera array, GEO detection, GEO tracking, WAMI, wide area motion imagery, SatSim, SatNet, AllSky, space object detection, PANDORA

Toward using Machine Learning Models for Data Association and Maneuver Classification of Resident Space Objects (2021)
Triet Tran, Cornerstone Consulting & Services, LLC; Anthony N. Dills, L3Harris Corp

Keywords: AI/ML models, data association, maneuver classification, maneuver detection

Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy in Space: Balancing Risks and Benefits for Deterrence and Escalation Control (2020)
Nancy Hayden, Sandia National Laboratories; Kelsey Abel, Sandia National Laboratories; Marie Arrieta, Sandia National Laboratories; Mallory Stewart, Sandia National Laboratories

Keywords: artificial intelligence, escalation control, space deterrence, space control,

Estimating Satellite Orientation through Turbulence with Deep Learning (2020)
Jacob Lucas, The Boeing Company; Trent Kyono, The Boeing Company; Michael Werth, The Boeing Company; Nicole Gagnier, The Boeing Company; Zackary Endsley, The Boeing Company; Justin Fletcher, SMC/DirSP-G; Ian McQuaid, Air Force Maui Optics and Supercomputing Site

Keywords: Machine Learning, pose estimation

Onboard Artificial Intelligence for Space Situational Awareness with Low Power GPUs (2020)
Michael Lim, MDA; Payam Mousavi, MDA; Jelena Sirovljevic, MDA; Huiwen You, MDA

Keywords: Space Situational Awareness, High Performance Computing, Onboard Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Low Power GPUs

SILO-G: A Machine Learning Data Generator for Synthetic Ground-Based Observations of LEO Satellites (2020)
Nicole Gagnier, The Boeing Company; Trent Kyono, The Boeing Company; Jacob Lucas, The Boeing Company; Michael Werth, The Boeing Company; Justin Fletcher, SMC/DirSP-G; Ian McQuaid, Air Force Maui Optics and Supercomputing Site; Michael Brannon, Air Force Research Laboratory

Keywords: machine learning, data generator, imaging, LEO

The Sensor Management Prisoner’s Dilemma: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach (2020)
Weston Faber, L3Harris

Keywords: Deep Reinforcement Learning, Game Theory, Sensor Tasking, Sensor Network Management

Automated Resolution Scoring of Ground-Based LEO Observations Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)
Jacob Lucas, The Boeing Company; Trent Kyono, The Boeing Company; Michael Werth, The Boeing Company; Justin Fletcher, Odyssey Systems Consulting; Ian McQuaid, AFRL

Keywords: Convolutional Neural Netrorks, Machine Learning, Imaging, SSA

Conditionally Augmented Temporal Anomaly Reasoner And Convolutional Tracking System (2019)
Dwight Temple, ExoAnalytic Solutions

Keywords: neural, network, generative, anomaly, detection, classification, real, time, data

Determining Multi-Frame Blind Deconvolution Resolvability using Deep Learning (2019)
Trent Kyono, The Boeing Company; Jacob Lucas, The Boeing Company; Michael Werth, The Boeing Company; Justin Fletcher,Qdyssey Systems Consulting; Ian McQuaid, AFRL

Keywords: Deep learning, machine learning, multi-frame blind deconvolution

Feature-Based Satellite Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)
Justin Fletcher, Air Force Space Command; Ian McQuaid, Air Force Research Laboratory; Peter Thomas, Air Force Research Laboratory; Jeremiah Sanders, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Greg Martin, Centuari

Keywords: Computer Vision, Generative Adversarial Networks, Object Detection

Machine Classification and Sub-classification Pipeline for GEO light curves (2019)
Phan Dao, Air Force Research Laboratory; Kristen Haynes, Applied Optimization Inc.; Stephen Gregory, Applied Optimization Inc.; Jeff Hollon, Applied Optimization; Tamara Payne, Applied Optimization Inc.; Kimberly Kinateder, Applied Optimization

Keywords: automated classifier, GEO light curves, wavelet, random forest

Machine Learning for RSO Maneuver Classification and Orbital Pattern Prediction (2019)
Phillip DiBona, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories; James Foster, Lockheed Martin; Anthony Falcone, Functor Reality, Inc; Michael Czajkowski, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technologies Lab

Keywords: maneuver classification, threat assessment, machine learning, patterns of life

Shape Identification of Space Objects via Light Curve Inversion Using Deep Learning Models (2019)
Roberto Furfaro, University of Arizona; Richard Linares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Vishnu Reddy, University of Arizona

Keywords: Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, Light Curve Inversion

Streak detection in wide field of view images using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) (2019)
Luis Varela, New Mexico State University; Laura Boucheron, New Mexico State University; Nick Malone, Tau Technologies; Nicholas Spurlock, Tau Technologies

Keywords: Streak detection, image processing, convolutional neural network (CNN), deep learning, Wide field of View, night sky imagery, meteor detection

Use of AI for Satellite Model Determination from Low Resolution 2D Images (2019)
Leon Muratov, Spectral Sciences Inc; Timothy Perkins, Spectral Sciences Inc; Marsha Fox, Spectral Sciences Inc; Xuemin Jin, Northeastern Universith ; Paul LeVan, Air Force Research Laboratory/RDST

Keywords: Satellite, 3D Reconstruction, Neural Network, Image, Model, QUID, Synthetic Image, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence.