Technical Papers – 2024

A Benchtop Simulator for Evaluating Astronomical Observations with Object Generation and Point Spread Function Engineering
Megan Birch, Georgia Tech Research Institute and Georgia State University; Leticia Garcia Verela, Georgia State University and Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Fabien Baron, Georgia State University Dept. of Physics & Astronomy

Keywords: Adaptive Optics (AO), Atmospheric turbulence, Benchtop simulation, Earth-orbiting objects, Fourier optics, Hybrid Optical Telescope (HOT), Object generator module, Optical simulation, Point Spread Function (PSF), Space surveillance systems, Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs), Spaceborne targets, Wavefront distortion corrections, Closely Spaced Objects (CSOs)

A Common Task Framework for Testing and Evaluation at the Space Domain Awareness Tools, Applications, and Processing Lab
Imène Goumiri, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Luc Peterson, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Ashley Cocciadiferro, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Ryan Lee, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Jason Bernstein, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Keywords: Space domain awareness, test and evaluation, machine learning, conjunction, RPO

A Comprehensive Approach to Optimized Cislunar Architecture Design Utilizing Capacity
Justin Kim, BAE Systems, Inc.; Naomi Owens Fahrner, BAE Systems, Inc.

Keywords: Cislunar, Architecture, Design, Optimization, Capacity

A Decomposition Algorithm for Optimal Selection and Placement of Heterogeneous Sensors to Holistically Satisfy Mission
Michael Bynum, Sandia National Laboratories; Forest Danford, Sandia National Laboratories; Georgia Stinchfield, Carnegie Mellon University; Carl Laird, Carnegie Mellon University; Cody Karcher, California State University, Long Beach

Keywords: Sensor placement optimization, mixed-integer programming

A Multi-Agent Trust Framework for Fusing Subjective Opinions with Imperfect Understanding in Space Domain Awareness Using the Scruff AI Framework
Matthew Wilkins, L3Harris; Sanja Cvijic, Charles River Analytics, Inc.; Weston Faber, L3Harris Technologies

Keywords: AI/ML, SDA, Data Trust, Probabilistic Reasoning

A Novel Stochastic Unscented Transform for Probabilistic Drag Modeling and Conjunction Assessment
Rachit Bhatia, West Virginia University; Gerardo Rivera, West Virginia University; Jacob Griesbach, ARKA/Stratagem; Piyush Mehta, West Virginia University

Keywords: covariance realism, space weather, optimal sequential filter, space traffic management, orbit prediction

A Novel Stochastic Unscented Transform for Robust State Estimation Enabling Enhanced Space Domain Awareness
Gerardo Rivera, West Virginia University; Jacob Griesbach, ARKA/Stratagem; Rachit Bhatia, West Virginia University; Piyush Mehta, West Virginia University

Keywords: covariance realism, optimal sequential filter, space domain awareness, lethal non-trackable, space debris

A Surprising Boost in Starlink Satellite Brightness at OpticalWavelengths During the Day
Sarah Caddy, Australian Astronomical Optics - Macquarie University; Lee Spitler, Australian Astronomical Optics - Macquarie University

Keywords: SDA, Daytime, Optical

A Technical Comparison of the Public SSA Services in the United States and the European Union
Mariel Borowitz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Cristina Pérez Hernández, Spanish Space Agency (AEE); Matt Hejduk, Aerospace Corporation; Aurelie Gillet, European Union Space Surveillance and Tracking (EU SST); Monique Moury, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); Pascal Faucher, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)

Keywords: EU SST, TraCSS

Action-Free Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Evaluating Satellite Similarity and Anomaly Detection
David Witman, Slingshot Aerospace; Timothy Olson, Slingshot Aerospace; Brian Williams, Slingshot Aerospace; Dylan Kesler, Slingshot Aerospace; Belinda Marchand, Slingshot Aerospace

Keywords: Machine Learning, Anomaly Detection, Constellations

Adaptive Sensor Tasking Strategies for Tracking Non-Cooperative Cislunar Space Objects
Jeremy Correa, Katalyst Space Technologies; John Ware, Katalyst Space Technologies; Maruthi Akella, UT Austin; Brandon Jones, UT Austin

Keywords: Dynamic Tasking, Cooperative Decision Making, Cislunar OD

Advancing Geosynchronous Satellite Classification Utilizing Spectral Data via Fine-Tuned Pretrained Deep Learning Models
Chad Mello, United States Air Force Academy; Matthew Mendoza, United States Air Force Academy; Leonardo Camacho, United States Air Force Academy; Damien Eberhardt, United States Air Force Academy

Keywords: machine learning, deep learning, transfer learning, geosynchronous, satellite, spectra,

An Adaptive Approach to the Initial Orbit Determination Problem in the Cislunar Regime Using Machine Learning
Juan Ojeda Romero, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab; Wayne Schlei, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Gene Whipps, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Nicholas LaFarge, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Gunner Fritsch, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Sean Phillips, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

Keywords: Multibody dynamics, cislunar IOD, Circular Restricted Three Body Problem, Neural Networks, Dynamical Systems Theory, Machine Learning, Classification, Orbit Determination

An Australian Experimental SDA System: RED STAR
Kruger White, Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia; Duncan Cook, Defence Science and Technology Group; Sergey Kharabash, Defence Science and Technology Group; Ashwani Kumar, Defence Science and Technology Group; Victor Fok, Defence Science and Technology Group; Cameron Webb, Defence Science and Technology Group; Peter Bawden, Defence Science and Technology Group; Jason Alvino, Defence Science and Technology Group; Han Gaetjens, Defence Science and Technology Group; Kenneth See, Lockheed Martin Australia; Trent Jansen-Sturgeon, Lockheed Martin Australia; James Barr, Saab Australia; Francisco Piragibe de Almeida, Saab Australia; Mark Rutten, In Track Solutions

Keywords: Space Domain Awareness, Multi-sensor Orbit Determination, Space Information Analytics

An Efficient Collision Analysis Framework Enabling Real-Time Spacecraft Self-Protect
Jordan Maxwell, Scout Space Inc; Ryan Blay, Scout Space LLC; David Lujan, Scout Space Inc; Jordan Marshall, Scout Space LLC

Keywords: conjunction analysis, spacecraft collisions, astrodynamics, space domain awareness, spacecraft self-protect

An Investigation of Impulsive-Maneuver Transfers from L3, L4 and L5 to Earth-Orbit
Evangelina Evans, University of Colorado at Boulder; Marcus Holzinger, University of Colorado at Boulder; Daniel Scheeres, University of Colorado at Boulder

Keywords: astrography, cislunar space,

An Update on the UK Cross-Government SDA Requirements, in Support of the UK’s SDA Strategy
Emma Kerr, Dstl

Keywords: Space Domain Awareness, Requirements, Government, Policy, System of Systems

Analysis of Darkened Fragments Resulting from Laboratory Hypervelocity Experiments
Heather Cowardin, NASA JSC; Phillip Anz-Meador, Jacobs Technology; Jarod Melo, JACOBS; Mark Castaneda, NASA JSC Pathways Intern Program; Corbin Cruz, JACOBS; John Opiela, JACOBS; Christopher Cline, NASA Hypervelocity Impact Technology Team; Eric Christiansen, NASA Hypervelocity Impact Technology Team

Keywords: laboratory, fragmentation event,optical measurements, optical size estimation model

Analysis of Persistent Detection Corridors for Cislunar Space Situational Awareness
Michael Klonowski, University of Colorado at Boulder; Casey Heidrich, University of Colorado at Boulder; Naomi Owens-Fahrner, BAE Systems, Inc.; Marcus Holzinger, University of Colorado at Boulder

Keywords: Space Domain Awareness, Cislunar Space, Mission Planning

Analysis of Receiver Position and Velocity Uncertainty on Passive RF Cislunar SSA Architectures
Kullen Waggoner, Air Force Institute of Technology; David Curtis, Air Force Institute of Technology

Keywords: SDA, SSA, cislunar, Passive RF, TDOA, FDOA,

Applications of Poincare Search Maps for Space-Based Cislunar SDA Detection
Raymond Wright, BAE Systems; Naomi Owens-Fahrner, BAE Systems; Luke Tafur, BAE Systems; Joshua Wysack, BAE Systems

Keywords: Cislunar, SSA, SDA, STM, Poincare Search Maps, Three-body problem

Architecting a Decision Support System for Continuing Supervision of Commercial In-Space Servicing
Jacqueline Smith, MIT; Moriba Jah, University of Texas; Danielle Wood, MIT

Keywords: Space sustainability, software architecture, in-space servicing, complex systems engineering, decision support system

Architecture of a Distributed Space Traffic Coordination System
Christopher Kebschull, OKAPI:Orbits; Adam Stradomski, OKAPI:Orbits; Daniel Lubián-Arenillas, OKAPI:Orbits

Keywords: Space, Traffic, Coordination, STM, SSA, Architecture, Automated

Atmospheric turbulence profiling with the Laser Communication Relay Demonstration experiment and RINGSS at Table Mountain Facility, California
Marcus Birch, Australian National University; Sabino Piazzolla, JPL, California Institute of Technology; Preston Hooser, JPL, California Institute of Technology; William Buehlman , JPL, California Institute of Technology; Francis Bennet, Australian National University; Tony Travouillon, Australian National University

Keywords: turbulence, optical communication

Attitude Determination and Monitoring of 3-Axes Controlled Satellites With Photometric Observations
Adrián de Andrés, GMV; Jorge Rubio, GMV; Carlos Paulete, GMV; Diego Tirado, GMV; Ángel Gallego, GMV; Diego Escobar, GMV; Alfredo M. Antón, GMV

Keywords: Attitude determination, attitude monitoring, object characterization, photometry

Attitude Determination Model Input Parameters Constraints for the Restitution of Tumbling Motion of Defunct Satellites from Photometric Data
Henri Tarrieu, Aldoria; Lea Duthil, Aldoria; Sacha Redel, Aldoria; Alexis Petit, Aldoria

Keywords: Space Situational Awareness, Active Debris Removal, Photometry, Satellite Attitude Restitution, Optical Ground Sensors, Light Curve Inversion, Space Object Characterization

Automated 6DOF Satellite Pose Estimation From Resolved Ground-Based Imagery
Thomas Dickinson, AFIT/CI, Rochester Institute of Technology Center for Imaging Science; Derek Walvoord, Rochester Institute of Technology Center for Imaging Science; Michael Gartley, Rochester Institute of Technology Center for Imaging Science

Keywords: deep learning, machine learning, pose estimation, 6DOF, computer vision, domain gap, automation

Automated, Collaborative Applications to Close Kill Chain Gaps
Greg Furlich, University of Colorado Boulder, Center for National Security Initiatives; Angie Crews, University of Colorado Boulder, Center for National Security Initiatives; Jack McGuigan, True Anomaly; Tim McLauglin, InTrack Radar Technologies; Chris Burns, InTrack Radar Technologies; Pace Balster, Katalyst Space Technologies; Gabrielle Jones, Katalyst Space Technologies; Gaven Hofer, Katalyst Space Technologies; Ian Stuart Bartlett, HEO; Lakitha Hettiarachchi, HEO; Lt. Haley Spolar, United States Space Force, Space Systems Command; Major Sean Allen, United States Space Force, Space Systems Command

Keywords: Space Situational/Domain Awareness, Satellite Characterization, Integrating Diverse Data, Instrumentation, Sensors, and Systems, Data Fusion, Big Data Analytics, Mission Data Processing

Autonomous Trajectory Planning for Cislunar Space
Brian McCarthy, a.i. solutions, Inc; Fabio Chiappina, a.i. solutions, Inc

Keywords: cislunar, trajectory design, machine learning, path planning, multi-body dynamics

Autonomous, Hybrid Space System Fault and Anomaly Detection, Diagnosis, Root Cause Determination, and Recovery
Richard Stottler, Stottler Henke Associates Inc.; Abhimanyu Singhal, Stottler Henke Associates Inc.; Christopher Healy, Stottler Henke Associates Inc.; Sowmya Ramachandran, Stottler Henke Associates Inc.; Kerry Quinn, Astrobotic; Joseph Palmieri, Astrobotic; Shawn Logan, Astrobotic

Keywords: anomaly detection, fault management, space situational awareness, machine learning, model-based reasoning, artificial intelligence

Backbone Architectures for Space Domain Awareness
Kyle Merry, Sandia National Laboratories; John Ossorgin, Sandia National Laboratories; Zachary Mekus, Sandia National Laboratories

Keywords: ML/AI, SDA, Transformer, Swin Transformer, Convolutional Neural Network, CNN, Feature Extraction, Backbone

Building Trust in Human-Machine Teaming for Autonomous Space Sensing
Garrett Fitzgerald, U. S. Space Force; Rachel Morris, Applied Decision Science; Laura G. Militello, Applied Decision Science; Justin Fletcher, USSF/SSC

Keywords: Human-Machine Teaming, Cognitive Task Analysis, Space Domain Awareness, Trust in Autonomy, Telescope C2

Catalog of US Launched Objects for Active Debris Removal
Patrick Seitzer, University of Michigan; Adam Kall, Kall Morris Inc; Austin Morris, Kall Morris Inc; Troy Morris, Kall Morris Inc; Corinne Moore, Kall Morris Inc

Keywords: ADR, debris, rocket bodies, policy

Centroiding Caused Errors in Tracking and Adaptive Optics
Joshua Garretson, U. S. Space Force

Keywords: Centroiding, Centroid Anisoplanatism, Tilts, Tracking Error, Jitter, Adaptive Optics

Challenges in Orbital Debris Modeling: A Comparative Analysis of NASA SBM and Space Fence Data
Tory Smith, USSF/MIT; Zachary Folcik, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Richard Linares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Keywords: NASA Standard Break-up Model (SBM), Space Fence Radar, Population Modeling, Orbital Capacity

Cislunar Initial Orbit Determination Using Sensor and Measurement-Centric Admissible Regions
Queenique Dinh, University of Colorado Boulder; Daniel Scheeres, University of Colorado Boulder; Marcus Holzinger, University of Colorado Boulder

Keywords: Cislunar, Initial Orbit Determination, Admissible Regions, Space Situational Awareness

Cislunar Missions End-of-Life Disposal Strategies
Joshua Wysack, BAE Systems

Keywords: cislunar, SDA, STM, lunar, Moon, end-of-life, disposal

Cislunar Orbit Determination with Passive RF Sensors
François Thevenot, Safran Data Systems; Baptiste Guillot, Safran Data Systems; Sebastien Herbiniere, Safran Data Systems

Keywords: Cislunar SSA, Orbit Determination, Passive RF

Cislunar Surveillance Optimization and Key Region Identification
Surabhi Bhadauria, Purdue University; Arly Black, Purdue University; Carolin Frueh, Purdue University

Keywords: cislunar surveillance, key regions, optmization

Completion and Test of a Compact, Extremely Accurate Star Tracker
Stephen Fox, IERUS Technologies, Inc; Greg Finney, IERUS Technologies, Inc; Aaron Mebane, IERUS Technologies, Inc; Bijan Nemati, Tellus1 Scientific; Kevin Ludwick, University of Alabama in Huntsville Center for Applied Optics

Keywords: star tracker, focal plane array, characterization, distortion

Concept of Operation and Initial Performance Summary of the NorthStar Space-Based Optical SSA System
Daniel O'Connell, NorthStar; Jean-Claude Leclerc, NorthStar; Noemi Giammichele, NorthStar Earth and Space; Ryan Comeau, NorthStar Earth and Space; Narendra Gollu, NorthStar; Naron Phou, NorthStar; Frederic Pelletier, NorthStar Earth & Space

Keywords: Space-based, Northstar, conops, optical,

Concept of the Korean Optical Space Surveillance Telescope System NSOS_Beta for Monitoring the High-Altitude Orbit Region
Jin Choi, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI); Jung Hyun Jo, KASI; Myung-Jin Kim, KASI; Dong-Goo Roh, KASI; Hong-Suh Yim, KASI

Keywords: GEO, SSA, Optical telescope

Conceptual Design of Mission Scheduling Software for Small Satellite Constellation
Kimoon Lee, University of Science and Technology (UST); Dongjin Kim, University of Science and Technology (UST); Seonho Lee, Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)

Keywords: Software design, Mission scheduling, Small satellite constellation, Earth observation

Contextual Predictive Model for Early Identification of High-Covariance Conjunctions
Timothy Olson, Slingshot Aerospace; Clarice Reid, Slingshot Aerospace; Jason Stauch, Slingshot Aerospace; Conner Grey, Slingshot Aerospace; Dylan Kesler, Slingshot Aerospace; Belinda Marchand, Slingshot Aerospace

Keywords: Conjunction Assessment, Space Situational Awareness, Space Domain Awareness, Space Traffic Control, Machine Learning, Predictive Analytics, Sensor Tasking, Probability Dilution, Space Operations Optimization

CubeSat Radar Cross-Section Measurement Campaign
Matt Mayne, Dstl

Keywords: RCS, RF, Radar, Measurement, SDA, CubeSat

Data Insights, Pedigree, and Automation for Space Domain Awareness
Oliver Schultz, Lockheed Martin; Joseph Brink, Lockheed Martin; Mark Williams, Lockheed Martin; Christopher Curry, Lockheed Martin

Keywords: analytics, automation, data integration, machine learning

Data-Driven Identification of Main Behavioural Classes and Characteristics of Resident Space Objects in LEO Through Unsupervised Learning
Marta Guimaraes, Neuraspace; Claudia Soares, FCT-UNL; Chiara Manfletti, Neuraspace

Keywords: Space Situational Awareness, Space Debris, Unsupervised Learning, Clustering

Debris Tracking Laser Network
Jose Miguel Lozano, GMV; Clara Martin, GMV; Miguel Guereñu, GMV; Javier Gil, GMV; Alejandro Sobrino, GMV; Carlos Paulete, GMV; Alejandro Alemán, GMV; Diego Escobar, GMV; Alfredo Antón, GMV; E. Janota, GMV; N. Czarnota, GMV; Martin Ploner, Digos; Emiliano Cordelli, European Space Agency; Andrea Di Mira, European Space Agency; Clemens Heese, European Space Agency; S. Metz, GMV

Keywords: laser, debris tracking

Deep Reinforcement Learning Applications to Space Situational Awareness Scenarios
Benedict Oakes, University of Liverpool; Jason F. Ralph, University of Liverpool; Jordi Barr, Defence Science Technology Laboratory

Keywords: Deep Reinforcement Learning, Machine Learning for SDA Applications, Space Situational Awareness

Design of Wide Angle and Large Aperture Optical System of a LiDAR Sensor for Characterization of Space Debris Particles

Keywords: Space Debris, Characterization, LiDAR, wide FOV

Detecting Satellites with Object Detection: Challenges of Implementing Deep Learning Techniques for Space-based Images
Shane Ryall, Defense Research & Development Canada

Keywords: Image Processing, Deep Learning, SSA, NEOSSat

Detection and Tracking of Space Objects in Conjunction with Ground and Satellite-Based Sensors
Paul Bernhardt, University of Alaska; Sam McKay, University of Alaska; Bengt Eliasson, University of Strathclyde; W.A. Scales, Virginia Tech; Andrew Howarth, University of Calgary; Victoria Foss, University of Calgary; Robert Scott, Defence R&D, Canada

Keywords: Plasma Waves, Space Debris

Detection in Deep Space from the Southern Hemisphere of Near Earth Objects Using a Combined Radar/Optical System
Ed Kruzins, UNSW Canberra Space; Lance Benner, JPL; Melrose Brown, UNSW Canberra Space; David Coward, University of Western Australia; Guifre Molera Calves, University of Tasmania; Phil Edwards, CSIRO; Jon Giorgini, JPL; Steve Guedon, UNSW; Shinji Horiuchi, CSIRO; Bruce Gendre, University of Western Australia; John Kennewell, Australian Space Academy; Andrew Lambert, Unsw Canberra Space; Joseph Lazio, JPL; Benjamin Linsten, University of Western Australia; John Moore, University of Western Australia; Dorota Mieczkowska, 8 Polish Space Agency; Edwin Peters, Unsw Canberra Space; Chris Phillips, CSIRO; Tom Riddell, UNSW; Jamie Stevens, CSIRO; Arie Verveer, University of Western Australia

Keywords: Near Earth Objects, Radar, Optical, Southern Hemisphere, Deep Space

Developing Optical Sensor Constellation Architectures for Space Domain Awareness through Model-Based Trade Studies
Mitchell Kirshner, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona; Eric Pearce, Steward Observatory at the University of Arizona

Keywords: constellations, space telescopes, systems architecture

Development of Reference Scenarios and Supporting Inputs for Space Environment Modeling
Miles Lifson, The Aerospace Corporation; Aniqu Baset, The Aerospace Corporation; Grant Cates, The Aerospace Corporation; Bill Chen, The Aerospace Corporation; Angelo Connor, The Aerospace Corporation; Carson Coursey, The Aerospace Corporation; Gregory Henning, The Aerospace Corporation; Michael Miyamoto, The Aerospace Corporation; Glenn E. Peterson, The Aerospace Corporation; Brian Weeden, The Aerospace Corporation; Grant Williams, The Aerospace Corporation; Indigo Brownhall, University College London; Matthew Burgess, University of Colorado Boulder; Marcus Holzinger, University of Colorado Boulder; Daniel Kaffine, University of Colorado Boulder; Mark Moretto, North Carolina State University; Akhil Rao, Middlebury College

Keywords: Evolutionary Space Environment Modeling, Space Sustainability, Reference Scenarios

Dragster 2.0: An Operations-Ready Framework for Neutral Density Assimilation
Rachel Stutz, Orion Space Solutions; Jeff Steward, Orion Space Solutions; Connor Johnstone, Orion Space Solutions; Tyler O'Connell, Orion Space Solutions; Junk Wilson, Orion Space Solutions; John Noto, Orion Space Solutions; Marcin Pilinski, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; David Vallado, COMSPOC; Shaylah Mutschler, Space Environment Technologies

Keywords: Dragster, neutral density, data assimilation, ensemble, thermosphere

Dynamic EO/IR Satellite Signature Prediction with High-Fidelity MuSES Simulation
Corey Packard, ThermoAnalytics, Inc.; Casey Demars, The Tech7 Company; Logan Canull, ThermoAnalytics, Inc.; David Tyler, The Tech7 Company; Chris Rodgers, The Tech7 Company; Zachary Edel, ThermoAnalytics, Inc.; Timofey Golubev, ThermoAnalytics, Inc.

Keywords: EOIR, simulation, MuSES, signature, contract, EO/IR, LWIR, modeling, SDA, SSA, 3D, thermal, daylight, characterization

Early Classification of Space Objects Based on Astrometric Time Series Data
Giovanni Lavezzi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Peng Mun Siew, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Di Wu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Zachary Folcik, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Victor Rodriguez-Fernandez, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Jeffrey Price, United States Air Force; Richard Linares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Keywords: Machine Learning, Early Time Series Classification, SSA

Efficient Cislunar Multi-Target Tracking with Adaptive Multi-Fidelity Propagation
Benjamin L. Reifler, The University of Texas at Austin; Brandon A. Jones, The University of Texas at Austin

Keywords: multi-fidelity, cislunar, multi-target

Enhanced Heuristic Algorithm for Optimal Cislunar Space Situational Awareness Architecture
Jacob Dahlke, Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT); Col. Robert Bettinger, Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT); Rachel Oliver, Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT)

Keywords: cislunar, SSA, heuristic, genetic algorithm

Enhancing the Pointing Accuracy Using Adaptive Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Satellite with Single Gimbal VSCMG
Mayur Vijay Pawar, MIT Art, Design and Technology University; Khushi Jain, MIT Art, Design and Technology University; Abhinav Krishnan, Independent Researcher; Sunil V Dingare, MIT Art, Design and Technology University

Keywords: Pointing Accuracy, Lyapunov Stability Theory, Single Gimbal Variable Speed Control Moment Gyroscope, Sliding Mode Control, Space-based Observations

Enhancing Unknown Near-Earth Object Detection with Synthetic Tracking and Convolutional Neural Networks
Kevin Phan, EO Solutions; Justin Fletcher, Space Systems Command (A&AS)

Keywords: Satellite Detection, Synthetic Tracking, Convolutional Neural Networks, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Machine Learning, Near-Earth Object Detection, Automation.

Error Analysis of Bulk-Density Measurements for Metal-Type Debrisat Fragments
Cesar Carrasquilla, University of Florida; Matthew Biles, University of Florida; Norman Fitz-Coy, University of Florida

Keywords: debrisat, 3D imager, measurement error

Estimating Physical Properties of 3U CubeSat’s Rotation Based on Photometric Observations and Solar Illumination Modeling
Takuro Tsuchikawa, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation; Takao Endo, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation; Hidenobu Tsuji, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Keywords: light curve, satellite's rotation, CubeSat

Event-Based Sensor Noise Modeling for Space Domain Awareness
Rachel Oliver, Air Force Institute of Technology; Dmitry Savransky, Cornell University

Keywords: Event-based Vision Sensors, Neuromorphic Cameras, Space-based Sensing, Space Domain Awareness, Noise Modeling

Event-based Vision Sensor Physics-Based Digital Twin for Tuning SSA Use
Masashi Nishiguchi, Purdue University; Carolin Frueh, Purdue University; Brian McReynolds, Institute of Neuroinformatics

Keywords: dynamic vision, physics-based modeling

Experimental Results from On-Orbit Edge-Deployed AI Detection of Resident Space Objects Using Computer Vision
Paul Day, Booz Allen Hamilton; Jeremiah Crane, Booz Allen Hamilton; Paul Cronk, Booz Allen Hamilton; Carlos Jimenez, Booz Allen Hamilton; Bruce Johnson, Booz Allen Hamilton; Rochelle Koeberle, Booz Allen Hamilton; Darin Millard, Booz Allen Hamilton; Zackary Werner, Booz Allen Hamilton

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks, Computer Vision, Edge Compute, On-orbit Edge Compute, AIOps, AI Operations, MLOps, Machine Learning Operations

Exploring Soliton Enhancement for Ground-Based Detection of Lethal Non-Trackable Space Debris
Kristine Rosfjord, InTrack Radar Technologies; Kristen Shavlik, InTrack Radar Technologies; Jeremy Kolansky, InTrack Radar Technologies; W.J. Mandeville, InTrack Radar Technologies; Piyush Mehta, West Virginia University

Keywords: solitons, small debris, precursor solitons, pinned solitons, Bragg scattering, whistlers

Exploring the Impact of Compliance with Maneuvering Guidelines for Space Traffic Management
Mariel Borowitz, Georgia Institute of Technology; Brian Gunter, Georgia Institute of Technology; Alaric Gregoire, Georgia Institute of Technology; Clifford Stueck, Georgia Institute of Technology; Surya Venkatram, Georgia Institute of Technology; Lauri Newman, NASA Headquarters

Keywords: space traffic management, simulation, maneuvering, guidelines

Extending the Quality Standards for Non-Traditional Sensors: A Pathway to Increased Data Utilization
Steven Paligo, a.i. solutions, Inc.

Keywords: Non-traditional sensors, data quality, calibration

Extreme Gradient Boosting and Deep Learning Models for the Classification of Synthetic Space Debris Light Curves
Anne Adriano, University of Waterloo; K. Andrea Scott, University of Waterloo; Nasser Lashgarian Azad, University of Waterloo

Keywords: Classification, space debris, light curve, Blender, Orekit, machine learning, deep learning, Wavelet Scattering Transform, attitude, shape

Feasibility Study of Spaceborne Pulsed Laser System Removing Small Debris Objects in Near-Earth Orbits
Shigeaki Uchida, Henan University of Science and Technology; Kazunori Shibata, Osaka University; Kotomi Kawakami, Kitasato University; Hideki Okamura, International Christian University; Nakai Mitsuo, Fukui University of Technology; Xiao Xiao, Henan University of Science and Technology; Yin Danqing, Henan University of Science and Technology; Keke Zhang, Henan University of Science and Technology; Zhonghao Heng, Qinghai University

Keywords: debris, laser, digital hologram, removal

Guiding Lunar Growth: Architectural Solutions for Space Traffic Management
Michael Bilka, BAE Systems; Raymond Wright, BAE Systems, Space & Mission Systems; Joshua Wysack, BAE Systems

Keywords: Cislunar, SSA, SDA, STM, Lunar Missions

Harnessing Satellite Constellations as Signals of Opportunity for Atmospheric Forecasting and Enhanced Space Situational Awareness
David Fitzpatrick, University of Colorado, Boulder; Eric Sutton, Space Weather Technology, Research, and Education Center (SWx TREC), University of Colorado, Boulder; Marcin Pilinski, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

Keywords: SpaceX/Starlink, Satellite Constellation, Thermosphere, Space Weather, Neutral Density

High-Fidelity Electro-Optical Space Domain Awareness Scene Simulator
Christopher Griffith, The Aerospace Corporation; Brian Baptista, The Aerospace Corporation; Nicholas Chapman, The Aerospace Corporation

Keywords: scene simulator, imaging, modeling, Space Domain Awareness scenes

High-Fidelity Light Curve Simulation and Validation Using Empirical Data
Tristan Meyer, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Denise Keil, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Daniel Traub, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Stefan Scharring, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Wolfgang Riede, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Thomas Dekorsy, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Max Nussbaum, DiGOS Potsdam GmbH; Michael Lengowski, University of Stuttgart; Robin Schweigert, University of Stuttgart; Sabine Klinkner, University of Stuttgart

Keywords: Light curves, object characterization, light curve simulation, reflectivity maps, SSA, space debris, Flying Laptop

High-Resolution Radar Imaging of Space Objects
Simon Anger, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Matthias Jirousek, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Stephan Dill, German Aerospace Center (DLR); Markus Peichl, German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Keywords: Radar imaging, Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), IoSiS, Imaging of satellites in Space, space situational awareness, high-resolution

How to Categorize an Avoidance Maneuver: Untangling the Iridium Experience
Ryan Shepperd, Iridium

Keywords: Conjunction assessment, collision avoidance, CA, COLA, conjunction metrics

Initial Orbit Determination from Ambiguous TDOA and FDOA Measurements of Passive Radio Frequency Signals
Benjamin Feuge-Miller, Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin; Andrew Joplin, Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin; Johnathan York, Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin

Keywords: initial orbit determination, passive radio frequency, ambiguous pseudo-range, time difference of arrival, frequency difference of arrival, daylight techniques, space domain awareness

Integrating LLMs with SatSim for Enhanced Satellite Tracking and Identification
Enrique De Alba, EO Solutions; Marco de Lannoy Kobayashi, EO Solutions; Alex Cabello, EO Solutions

Keywords: Large Language Models, Space Domain Awareness, Synthetic Data Generation, Natural Language Processing, Space Surveillance Simulation, Automation in SDA

Integration of Air and Space Traffic Management: Establishing Criteria for Tracking of Debris Objects Prior to Uncontrolled Reentry
Michael Kezirian, University of Southern California; Max Smith, University of Southern California; George Lloyd, ARCTOS

Keywords: space debr, airspace integration

Joint Commercial Operations (JCO) – Integrated Space Operations with Event Ledgers
Joseph Gerber, Tech7; Gregory Badura, Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI); Johann Bell, Australian Department of Defense; Kruger White, Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia

Keywords: Space Operations, Machine-to-Machine, Integration, SpOC, Automation, Characterization

Learned Initial Orbit Determination from Simulated Electro Optical Observations
Alexander Cabello, EO Solutions Corp; Jeff Houchard, EO Solutions Corp; Cameron Harris, EO Solutions Corp; Zach Gazak, USSF SSC/SZG; Jonathan Kadan, USSF SSC/SZG; Justin Fletcher, USSF SSC/SZG

Keywords: Machine Learning, Initial Orbit Determination, Simulation

Leveraging Corkscrew Patrol Orbits to Improve Custody of Closely Spaced Objects
Erin Griggs, Trusted Space, Inc.; Sydney Bonbrest, Trusted Space, Inc.; Matt Schierholtz, Trusted Space, Inc.; Mark Bolden, Trusted Space, Inc.; Islam Hussein, Trusted Space, Inc.; Tom Kubancik, Trusted Space, Inc.; Blair Thompson, Department of Astronautics, United States Air Force Academy

Keywords: Geostationary Orbit, Patrol Orbit, Space Domain Awareness, Space Situational Awareness, Orbit Determination

Low Signal to Noise State Space Modelling Using Simulation Based Inference
Ingo Waldmann, Spaceflux; Marco Rocchetto, Spaceflux; Marcel Debczynski, Spaceflux; Josh Ferguson, Spaceflux

Keywords: bayesian, random set statistics, machine learning, normalizing flows, optical SDA, optical sensors, GEO, xGEO

Machine Learning for E-O Data and Imagery Event Detection
John Ebeling, Data Fusion & Neural Networks, LLC; Duane DeSieno, Data Fusion & Neural Networks, LLC; Jacob Hansen, Data Fusion & Neural Networks, LLC; Christopher Tschan, Data Fusion & Neural Networks, LLC; Carolyn Sheaff, Air Force Research Laboratory/RIED

Keywords: Electro-Optical (E-O), space surveillance observations, space surveillance imagery, space domain awareness, machine learning

Machine Learning for Space Domain Awareness Sensor Scheduling
Neil Dhingra, Auria; Cameron DeJac, Auria; Clayton McGuire, Auria

Keywords: Sensor Resource Management, Sensor Tasking, Space Domain Awareness, Space Situational Awareness, Global Optimality, NP Hard Problems, Machine Learning, Supervised Learning, Reinforcement Learning

Metric Tensor Fields along Trajectory Solution Surfaces for Astrographic Map-Making
Garrick Lau, University of Colorado Boulder; Marcus Holzinger, University of Colorado Boulder; Jill Bruer, Air Force Research Laboratory

Keywords: visualization, differential geometry, maps

Minimum Observation Methods of Initial Maneuver Determination
Best Paper Award Winner 2024
Sam Wishnek, BAE Systems

Keywords: maneuver, maneuver estimation, optical,

ML-Based Photometric Fingerprinting at Scale for LEO Satellite Monitoring
Timothy Olson, Slingshot Aerospace; Clarice Reid, Slingshot Aerospace; Cam Key, Slingshot Aerospace; Brian Williams, Slingshot Aerospace; David Witman, Slingshot Aerospace; Jeff Shaddix, Slingshot Aerospace; Dylan Kesler, Slingshot Aerospace; Belinda Marchand, Slingshot Aerospace

Keywords: Space Situational Awareness, Space Domain Awareness, Machine Learning, Predictive Analytics, Photometric Change Detection, Satellite Characterization, Low Earth Orbit, Simulation, Photometric Fingerprinting

ML-Driven Optimal Design of Multispectral Instruments for the Characterization of Resident Space Objects
Kedar Naik, BAE Systems, Space & Mission Systems; Andrew Wernersbach, BAE Systems, Space & Mission Systems; Alexandra Robinson, BAE Systems, Space & Mission Systems; Michelle Nilson, BAE Systems, Space & Mission Systems; Gary Wiemokly, BAE Systems, Space & Mission Systems; Matthew Tooth, BAE Systems, Space & Mission Systems; Raymond Wright, BAE Systems, Space & Mission Systems

Keywords: Machine learning, design optimization, material characterization, hyperspectral, multispectral, SDA, RSO classification

MOCAT on Temporal Analysis and Quantification for Policies in Space Sustainability
Di Wu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Daniel Jang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Guillermo D Mendoza Contreras, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Richard Linares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Keywords: SSA/SDA, Space Population, Temporal Model, Policy

Monitoring of Rendezvous & Proximity Operations With SST and SDA Techniques Combination
Jaime Serrano, GMV; Angel Gallego, GMV; Álvaro Martínez, GMV; David Moreno, GMV

Keywords: rendez-vous, close proximity operations, RPO, SDA, object characterisation, intentional threat

Motion Hypothesis Satellite Detection for Cislunar Spacecraft
Kaitlyn Raub, InTrack Radar Technologies, Inc.; Tim McLaughlin, InTrack Radar Technologies, Inc.; Nathan Holzrichter, MITRE; Stefan Doucette, MITRE; Francis Chun, United States Air Force Academy

Keywords: cislunar, telescope, astronomy, observatory, algorithms

Multi-Frame Observation-to-Orbit Association for Angles-Only Measurements
Cameron Harris, EO Solutions; Marco Kobayashi, EO Solutions; Jeff Houchard, EO Solutions; Daron Nishimoto, EO Solutions; Jonathan Kadan, Odyssey Systems Consulting

Keywords: OTOA, Correlation, UCT, Data Association

Multi-Layered Machine Learning for Rapid LEO Object Characterization Leveraging Global Radar Data
Harry She, LeoLabs; Chandler Phelps, LeoLabs; Owen Marshall, LeoLabs; Erin Dale, LeoLabs

Keywords: Machine learning, object typing, classification, clustering, LEO, ground-based radar network, XGBoost, characterization, Space Domain Awareness, Space Situational Awareness, LeoLabs, Radar, S-Band, UHF, Maneuverability, Artificial intelligence

Multi-Objective Multi-Perspective Numerical Optimization of Collision Avoidance Maneuvers Using Differential Evolution
Naman Ladhad, Digantara Research and Technologies Private Limited, India; Rithwik Neelakantan, Digantara Research and Technologies Private Limited, India; Tanveer Ahmed, Digantara Research and Technologies Private Limited, India

Keywords: Multi objective optimization, Collision Avoidance, Differential Evolution, Multi perspective, Optimization

Multi-Perspective Multi-Modal PoL Characterization of LEO Objects
Rithwik Neelakantan, Digantara Research and Technologies Private Limited, India; Sivalinga Raja Shanmugam, Digantara Research and Technologies Private Limited, India; Ankit Agrawal, Digantara Research and Technologies Private Limited, India; Latha S, Digantara Research and Technologies Private Limited, India; Nistala Venkat Viashnavi Lakshimi, Digantara Research and Technologies Private Limited, India; Tanveer Ahmed, Digantara Research and Technologies Private Limited, India

Keywords: Pattern of life characterization, maneuver detection, Low Earth Orbit

Multi-Phenomenology Fusion for Satellite Identification
Trevor Putman, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab; Major Caleb McComas, Space Security Defense Program; Lt. Col.Julia Faustman, Space Security Defense Program

Keywords: fusion, Bayesian, classifier, characterization, identification

Neural Network Enhanced Numerical Propagation to Enhance SSA/SDA
Duane DeSieno, Data Fusion & Neural Networks, LLC

Keywords: Neural networks, Enhanced orbit propagation, Trajectory propagation, Machine Learning

Novel Phased Array Laser Radar Architecture for Satellite Imaging and Identification
James Leger, University of Minnesota; Thang Hai Nam Au, University of Minnesota; Harsha Torke, University of Minnesota

Keywords: Lasar radar, Optical phased array, Imaging, Beam forming

OD-SSA Activity at NASA’s Heliophysics Division
Reinhard Friedel, NASA Headquarters; Alex Fletcher, NASA SMD - Heliophyscis; Jamie Favors, NASA Headquarters Heliophyscis Division; Travis Blake, NASA Headquarters, Science Mission Directorate

Keywords: small OD, in-situ OD instrumentation, OD science

On-chain Validation of Tracking Data Messages (TDM) Using Distributed Deep Learning on a Proof of Stake (PoS) Blockchain
Yasir Latif, Space Protocol; Anirban Chowdhury, Space Protocol; Samya Bagchi, Space Protocol

Keywords: TDM, SSA, AI, Blockchain

Operational Responses to LEO Satellite Orbital Decay during the 25th Solar Cycle Maximum
Chen Yap, Planet Labs PBC; Mike Siegers, Planet Labs PBC; Andrea Maris Luis Valle, Planet Labs PBC; Ravi teja Nallapu, Planet Labs; Işil Demir, Planet Labs PBC; Kiruthika Devaraj, Planet Labs PBC; Scott McIntosh, Lynker Space

Keywords: Satellite Operations, Space Weather, NCAR Model, Differential Drag, Orbital Lifetime

Operational Space Weather Forecasts to Support Satellite Operations
Sean Elvidge, University of Birmingham; Matthew Brown, University of Birmingham

Keywords: space weather, thermosphere, modeling, upper atmosphere, operations

Optimal Control-Based Track-to-Track Correlation with Optical Measurements
Alessia De Riz, Politecnico di Milano; Riccardo Cipollone, Politecnico di Milano; Pierluigi Di Lizia, Politecnico di Milano

Keywords: SST, track-to-track correlation, optimal control, optical measurements, uncertainty propagation

Optimizing GEO Belt Observation Through Analytical Methods and the Traveling Salesman Problem
Shashanka Athigiri, Digantara Research and Technologies; Ananthu Krishna S, Digantara Reasearch and Technologies; Tanveer Ahmed, Digantara Research and Technologies

Keywords: Traveling Salesman Problem, GEO Belt Observation, Analytical Methods, Object Cataloguing, Satellite Observation, Telescope Efficiency.

Optimizing the Radar Network Architecture for LEO Space Domain Awareness
Jack Schuss, SpaceEM; Christopher Cox, Keystone Mission Solutions Corporation

Keywords: LEO, radar, network

Paper Designing a Representation Learning Method forWavefront Estimation from Focal Plane Speckle Images
Nick Murphy, Georgia State University; Vignesh Sathia, Georgia State University; Berkay Aydin, Georgia State University; Dustin Kempton, Georgia State University; Stuart Jefferies, Georgia State University; Fabien Baron, Georgia State University

Keywords: atmospheric turbulence, machine learning, adaptive optics, telescope aperture, speckle image, ground-based telescopes

Passive Radar for Launch and Re-Entry Support
Daniel Finch, Silentium Defence; James Palmer, Silentium Defence; Ben White, Silentium Defence; Si Tran Nguyen, Silentium Defence

Keywords: Passive radar, launch

Passive Radio Frequency Techniques & Demonstration for Space Domain Awareness
Zachary Leffke, Virginia Tech National Security Institute; Kevin Schroeder, Virginia Tech National Security Institute; Matthew Phelps, USSF SSC/SZGA; Justin Fletcher, USSF SSC/SZGA

Keywords: Passive RF, PRF, Radio, Interferometer, Polarimetry, Satellite Characterization

Photometric Attitude Estimation Using Gaussian Process Regression
Ryui Hara, Kyushu university; Yasuhiro Yoshimura, Kyushu university; Toshiya Hanada, Kyushu university

Keywords: Light Curves, Attitude, Gaussian Process Regression

Photometric Patterns as a Key for Determining the Orientation of the Rotation Axis of RSO
Oleksandr Kozhukhov, National Space Facilities Control and Test Center of State Space Agency of Ukraine; Nikolay Koshkin, Astronomical Observatory of Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University; Leonid Shakun, Astronomical Observatory of Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University; Oleksandr Bryukhovetskyi, National Space Facilities Control and Test Center of State Space Agency of Ukraine; Oleksandr Vasyltsiun, National Space Facilities Control and Test Center of State Space Agency of Ukraine; Thomas Schildknecht, University of Bern, Astronomical Institute; Alessandro Vananti, University of Bern, Astronomical Institute; Palash Patole, University of Bern, Astronomical Institute; Fabrizio Piergentili, University of Rome – La Sapienza; Lorenzo Mariani, University of Rome – La Sapienza; Andrew Hammett, UK Space Agency; Robert Sherwood, NERC Space Geodesy Facility; Toshifumi Yanagisawa, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Hirohisa Kurosaki, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Viktor Kudak, Uhzhorod National University, Laboratory of Space Research; Vasyl Perig, Uhzhorod National University, Laboratory of Space Research; Igor Salnikov, Astronomical Observatory of Lviv University; Yeva Vovchyk, Astronomical Observatory of Lviv University; Ilgmars Eglitis, Institute of Astronomy University of Latvia; Jorge del Pino, Institute of Astronomy University of Latvia; Kalvis Salmins, Institute of Astronomy University of Latvia; Germano Bianchi, INAF – National Institute for Astrophysics; Pierluigi Di Lizia, Politecnico di Milano

Keywords: LEO, Space Debris, Photometry

Physics Guided Machine Learning for Wavefront Sensing on a Hybrid Optical Telescope
Fabien Baron, Georgia State University; Douglas Hope, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Stuart Jefferies, Georgia State University; Daniel Johns, Georgia Sate University

Keywords: Imaging, Machine Learning, Wave front sensing

Poland’s Evolving Space Law: Assessing Space Debris Mitigation and Remediation in the European Context
Malgorzata Polkowska, Lomza Academy; Arkadiusz Chimicz, General Command, Polish Armed Forces

Keywords: space debris, space law, SSA, defence, security,

POLSA Sensor Network Capabilities Under Different Operating Modes
Tomasz Zubowicz, POLSA; Mikolaj Kruzynski, POLSA; Krzysztof Arminski, POLSA; Mikolaj Karawacaki, POLSA; Krzysztof Szyszka, POLSA; Marcin Teofilewicz, POLSA; Artur Makarewicz, POLSA; Edwin Wnuk, POLSA; Zygmunt Aniol, POLSA; Tymoteusz Trocki, POLSA

Keywords: sensor network, telescope array, observation strategies

Post-Maneuver UCT Correlation Using Multi-Source Data Streams
Gavin Hofer, Katalyst Space Technologies; Gabrielle Jones, Katalyst Space Technologies; Will Oldroyd, Katalyst Space Technologies

Keywords: Space Domain Awareness, Space Battle Management, Maneuver Detection, Uncorrelated Track Processing, Uncorrelated Track Resolution, Machine Learning, Post-Maneuver UCT Resolution, Object Identification

Power of Persistence: Persistent Custody Through Repurposed Meteorite Trackers and Observation Processing at Real-Time Rates and Volume
Joseph Diamond, Peraton; Rich Osedacz, Peraton; Weihan Yang, Peraton; Matthew Sirocky, Peraton; Gregory Madsen, Lockheed Martin Australia; Abraham Chan, Lockheed Martin Australia; Timothy Payne, Lockheed Martin Australia; Matthew Bold, Lockheed Martin

Keywords: FireOpal, passive, persistence, custody, untasked, persistent, revisit, statistic, association, stastically-driven, real-time

Preliminary Study of Hyperspectral Unmixing Analysis Associated to Resident Space Objects Using DIRSIG^TM
Aryzbe Najera, University of Texas at El Paso; Ana C. Chavez-Lopez, University of Texas at El Paso; Leah A. Porras, University of Texas at El Paso; Miguel Velez-Reyes, University of Texas at El Paso

Keywords: DIRSIG, SDA, Unresolved Space Objects, Satellite Characterization

Project Luciole: A Wide-Field, High-Cadence Uncued System for Comprehensive Tracking of Decimeter-Sized LEO Objects
Denis Vida, University of Western Ontario; Michael Mazur, University of Western Ontario; Peter G. Brown, University of Western Ontario; Stanimir Metchev, University of Western Ontario; David L. Clark, University of Western Ontario; Tammy Do, University of Western Ontario; Jack Zhang, University of Western Ontario; Lauchie Scott, Defence R&D Canada

Keywords: high cadence, meteor, camera, megaconstellations, open data, Canada, wide field, video

Rapid and Uncertainty Quantified Orbital Propagation Using Uncertainty-Aware AI
Kevin Vanslette, Raytheon BBN; Alexander Lay, Raytheon BBN; David Kusterer, Virginia Tech Institute for National Security; Kevin Schroeder, Virginia Tech Institute for National Security

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Orbital Propagation, Uncertainty

Re-Entry Event Prediction Through the Analysis of Optical Sensor Data Gathered from a Worldwide Network of Telescopes
Krzysztof Kaminski, Astronomical Observatory of the Adam Mickiewicz University; Justyna Golembiewska, Astronomical Observatory of the Adam Mickiewicz University; Monika Kaminska, Astronomical Observatory of the Adam Mickiewicz University; Edwin Wnuk, Astronomical Observatory of the Adam Mickiewicz University; Michal Zolnowski, 6ROADS; Marcin Gendek, 6ROADS; Marek Polewski, Warsaw University of Technology

Keywords: re-entry, LEO optical observations

Reachability Analysis of Low-Thrust Cislunar Spacecraft Using State Transition Tensors
Best Student Paper Award Winner 2024
Ethan Foss, Stanford University; Aaron J. Rosengren, University of California, San Diego; Ashley D. Biria, Air Force Research Laboratory

Keywords: Reachability Analysis, Cislunar Astrodynamics, Space Domain Awareness

Real-Time Conjunction Assessment and Collision Avoidance of Satellites for Concurrent Avoidance Negotiation Based on Comparative Analysis of Passive Ranging Method and Traditional Sources
Shawn Seunghwan Choi, SpaceMap; Jun Young Byun, Hanyang University; Maxime Pognon, SAFRAN ELECTRONICS & DEFENSE; Juhwan Kim, Hanyang University; Hyeonggu Kim, KT SAT; Jaedong Seong, KARI; Baptiste Guillot, Safran; Thierry Balanche, Safran; Kevin Choi, KT SAT; Misoon Mah, M&K Research and Development Inc; Jae Wook Song, Hanyang University; Peter Joonghyun Ryu, SpaceMap; Douglas Deok-Soo Kim, SpaceMap

Keywords: Conjunction Assessment, Collision Avoidance, Space Traffic Management

Recent Evolution of the Sub-Catalogue Space Debris Population in High-Altitude Orbital Regions
Thomas Schildknecht, University of Bern, Astronomical Institute; Fiona Pärli, University of Bern, Astronomical Institute; Alessandro Vananti, University of Bern, Astronomical Institute; Palash Patole, University of Bern, Astronomical Institute; Peter Pessev, University of Bern, Astronomical Institute; Tim Flohrer, ESA/ESOC Space Debris Office,; Jan Siminski, ESA/ESOC Space Debris Office,

Keywords: space debris, breakup debris clouds, high-altitude orbit debris environment

Recovery of Periodic Signals in Event Camera Data: Theory and Empirical Results
Mark Moretto, North Carolina State University; Katherine Melbourne, University of Colorado Boulder; Marcus Holzinger, University of Colorado Boulder

Keywords: Event camera, non-resolved object characterization, SSA, vibrations, rotational state

Regularizing Training of Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for Cislunar Orbit Determination via Transfer Learning
Gregory Badura, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Miguel Velez-Reyes, University of Texas at El Paso; Brian Gunter, Georgia Institute of Technology; Christopher Valenta, Georgia Tech Research Institute; Koki Ho, Georgia Institute of Technology

Keywords: Machine Learning, Physics-Informed Machine Learning, Cislunar, Space Domain Awareness, Orbit Determination

Resection of Long-Range Sensor Models for Mono and Stereo Exploitation of Non-Earth Imagery
Reuben Settergren, BAE Systems

Keywords: resection,measurement,mono,stereo,monoscopic,stereoscopic

Resilience of LEO Constellations to Accidental and Intentional Fragmentation Events
Mark Sturza, Viasat; Mark Dankberg, Viasat; William Blount, Viasat

Keywords: LEO, debris, resilience, robustness, redundancy, constellation, fragmentation

Resolved Hyperspectral Imaging
Kimmy Chang, SSC/SZGA; Lauren Fisher, KBR; Zach Gazak, SSC/SZGA; Justin Fletcher, SSC/SZGA

Keywords: Spectroscopy, Machine Learning, Small Telescopes, Hyperspectral, Convolutional Neural Networks, Segmentation, Classification

Robust Strategies for Incorporating Parameter Uncertainty in Constrained Admissible Regions
Thomas Dearing, Arka Group; Jacob Griesbach, Arka Group; Piyush Mehta, West Virginia University

Keywords: CARMHF, Multi-Hypothesis Filter, Constraint Admissible Region

Satellite Pattern-of-Life Identification Challenge: Competition Design and Results
Peng Mun Siew, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Haley Solera, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Giovanni Lavezzi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Thomas Roberts, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Daniel Jang, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; David Baldsiefen, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg; Binh Tran, Millennial Software Solutions Inc. & Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Christopher Yeung, Millennial Software Solutions Inc. & Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Kurtis Johnson, Millennial Software Solutions Inc. & Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Nathan Metzger, Millennial Software Solutions Inc. & Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Francois Porcher, University of California, Berkeley & BNP Paribas; Isaac Haik, University of California, Berkeley & BNP Paribas; Victor Rodriguez-Fernandez, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Jeffrey Price, United States Air Force; Jonathan How, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Richard Linares, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Space Situational Awareness, Satellite Pattern-of-Life Characterization, Anomaly Detection

SDA TAP Lab Using Commercial Technology to Avoid Operational Surprise
Sean Allen, SSC/SZG

Keywords: Space Domain Awareness, TAP Lab, SDA TAP Lab, kill chain, operational surprise

Simultaneous Observation Association and Maneuver Reconstruction for Non-Keplerian Initial Orbit Determination Using Nonlinear Programming
Casey Heidrich, University of Colorado Boulder; Marcus Holzinger, University of Colorado Boulder

Keywords: Initial orbit determination, optimization, measurement association, maneuver reconstruction

SOM-erizing Cislunar Orbits: Classification of Cislunar Orbits Using Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs)
Denvir Higgins, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Kerianne Pruett, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Travis Yeager, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Michael Schneider, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Keywords: SOM, cislunar, unsupervised machine learning, maps

Space Debris and Nuclear Strategic Stability: Collision Risks and Attribution Potential in GEO
Roohi Dalal, Outer Space Institute; Aaron Boley, Outer Space Institute and University of British Columbia; Michael Byers, Outer Space Institute and University of British Columbia

Keywords: Nuclear Command Control and Communications, Collision Risks, Attribution

Space Weather Effect via Periodic Photometric Observations of Geostationary Satellites
Matej Zigo, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Katarína Sabolová, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Jiří Šilha, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia

Keywords: Space weathering, photometry, GEO satellites

Super-Resolution Object Characterization in Low Earth Orbit (SROC LEO)
Stacey Jones, O Analytics, Inc.

Keywords: Super Resolution, low Earth Orbit, LEO, Satellite Detection, Object Characterization

The Falcon Telescope Network: A Newly Upgraded Global Array of Optical Telescopes
Francis Chun, USAF Academy, Department of Physics and Meteorology; Timothy Giblin, i2 Strategic Services, LLC; David Strong, Strong EO Imaging, Inc.; Benjamin Roth, USAF Academy, Department of Physics and Meteorology; Kyle Jones, Axient Corporation; Phillip Fishbein, Applied Optimization, Inc.; Anil Chaudhary, Applied Optimization, Inc.; Charles Wetterer, KBR, Inc.

Keywords: Falcon Telescope Network, Small Telescopes

The GSSAC Mission System: A New Solution for Space Objects Cataloguing From DLR
Alfonso Sancho, GMV; Artur Bialkowski, GMV; Alejandro Pastor, GMV; Christoffen Kronjäger, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Jonathan Nicolai, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Andreas Bachlechner, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)

Keywords: operational system, space surveillance and tracking, space situational awareness, space objects catalogue

The Resonant Structure of xGEO and Implications for Cislunar Domain Awareness
Aaron J. Rosengren, University of California San Diego; Shane D. Ross, Virginia Tech; Bhanu Kumar, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech; Anjali Rawat, Virginia Tech

Keywords: Cislunar SSA, Astrodynamics, Space Situational/Domain Awareness (SSA/SDA), Restricted Three-Body Problem, Perturbed Two-Body Problem

The TraCSS Consolidated Pathfinder: Leveraging Commercial Capability in LEO
Sandra Magnus, Office of Space Commerce; Matthew Hejduk, Aerospace; Jessica Johnson, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; John Giles, MITRE Corporation; Anna Parikka, Global Science & Technology, Inc.; Christine Joseph, Office of Space Commerce; Carson Coursey, The Aerospace Corporation; Miles Lifson, The Aerospace Corporation; André Antunes de Sá, Kayhan Space; Denna Baker, LeoLabs, Inc.; Matthew Duncan, SpaceNav; Conner Grey, Slingshot Aerospace; Robert Hall, COMSPOC Corporation; Samantha Johnson, LeoLabs, Inc.; Pol Mesalles-Ripoll, SpaceNav; Daniel Oltrogge, COMSPOC Corporation; Jason Stauch, Slingshot Aerospace; Derek Strobel, Kayhan Space

Keywords: TraCSS, space safety, conjunction assessment, space traffic coordination, space sustainability, Office of Space Commerce

Towards an All-Orbit Optical Data Service Provisioning Based on ArianeGroup Helix System
Thibault de la Villegeorges, ArianeGroup; Theophile Montagne, ArianeGroup; Gabriel Daguerre, ArianeGroup; Lancelot Panaget, ArianeGroup; Baptiste Dailly, ArianeGroup; Clement Begasse, ArianeGroup; Billy Barbier, ArianeGroup; Leo Boulard, ArianeGroup; Valentin Lemiesz, ArianeGroup; Nicolas Roux, ArianeGroup; Guillaume Delomenie, ArianeGroup

Keywords: SSA, SDA, ArianeGroup, Helix, network, tracking, survey, infrared, LEO, GEO

Transformer Models for Efficient EO/IR Signature Generation
Nathan Highsmith, Modern Technology Solutions, Inc.; Jorge O'Farrill, MTSI

Keywords: Digital Twins, Transformers, Adaptive Optimization, Adversarial Testing

Ultra-Fast Real-Time Target Recognition Using a Shift, Scale, and Rotation Invariant Opto-Electronic Joint Transform Correlator
Xi Shen, Northwestern University; Julian Gamboa, Northwestern University; Tabassom Hamidfar, Northwestern University; Shamima Mitu, Northwestern University; Selim Shahriar, Northwestern University

Keywords: Image Recognition, Surveillance, Shift Invariance, Scale Invariance, Rotation Invariance, High-speed, Real-time, Digital Holography, Hybrid Opto-electronic Correlator, Joint Transform Correlator, Polar Mellin Transform

Utilising Australian National Infrastructure to Support Cislunar Space Domain Awareness
Timothy Bateman, UNSW Canberra Space; Ken Smart, CSIRO Space and Astronomy; Melrose Brown, UNSW Canberra Space

Keywords: Passive RF, SDA, Cislunar

Wide Field of View (FOV) Imagers for Co-Orbiting Object Detection
Randa Qashoa, York University; Paul Harrison, Magellan Aerospace; Regina Lee, York University

Keywords: SSA, SDA, optical systems, RSO detection, sensor selection, WFOV imagers