Siddharth Dave, York University; Regina S. K. Lee, York University
Keywords: Virtual Constellation, Space Domain Awareness, Big Data, Space Debris, Dual-Purpose Star Tracker
Abstract:
Novel research and development in space domain awareness (SDA) is imperative for a sustainable future in low Earth orbit (LEO). The improving cost of access to space and the increasing launch cadence should be reflected by 1 advancements in better space traffic management systems (STM). An improved STM requires a proactive approach in technology demonstration, policy enactment and systems implementation to mitigate the risks associated with security and safety of spaceborne assets and to avoid the possibility of a Kessler event [2] [3]. Space domain awareness entails detection, tracking, identification and characterization of resident space objects (RSO) which are accomplished by networks of space and groundbased sensors. Shortfalls in the number of sensors, geographic spread, capability and availability are identified as key limitations to the SDA architecture when considering space debris and the expected increase in LEO activity [1]. This paper describes the feasibility of a virtual constellation using small aperture, wide field of view optical systems as an opportunistic space surveillance sensor. A virtual constellation is defined as a collection of satellite mounted imaging systems working together to meet SDA objectives with big data analytics. This feasibility study discusses the network performance depending on the constellation size, accuracy requirements for SDA objectives, electronics and camera specifications, and data processing algorithms and hardware requirements. Preliminary results indicate that with the predicted expansion of commercial LEO activity, a virtual constellation of optical sensors can provide near real-time situational awareness. The expansion also improves the chances of overlapping observations and improved network coverage. A virtual star tracker constellation provides a scalable, unique and cost effective manner to meet some key SDA objectives to ensure space remains accessible and safe for future expansion in LEO.
[1] J April. Nanosat employment : a theoretical CONOPS for space object identification NAVAL POSTGRADUATE. 2014.
[2] Donald J. Kessler and Burton G. Cour-Palais. Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites: the Creation of a Debris Belt. J Geophys Res, 83(A6):2637–2646, 1978.
[3] Daniel L. Oltrogge. The we approach to space traffic management. 15th International Conference on Space Operations, 2018, (June):1–21, 2018.
Date of Conference: September 27-20, 2022
Track: Space-Based Assets